ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2021
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Botulinum Toxin Type A for Benign Essential Blepharospasm Patients Accompanied by Anxiety and Depression.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological and motor outcomes of botulinum toxin in hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Intradermally injected abobotulinumtoxinA administered preemptively before surgery alleviates post-surgical pain and normalizes behavior in a translational animal model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Correlation between blepharospasm and psychological diseases: the anxiety, depression and sleep disorder study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Effect of botulinum toxin type A on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Meige syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Intervention effects of different brands of botulinum toxin type A on Meige syndrome with anxiety symptoms.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the improvement of motor, anxiety, and depression in patients with blepharospasm with the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
methodsA total of 63 BEB patients accompanied by anxiety/depression were enrolled, among which 28 patients were treated with the injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) alone, while 35 patients were treated with BTX-A injection combined with rTMS. All patients were followed up for 6 months, and the overall efficacy was evaluated.
resultsBTX-A alone treatment and combined rTMS treatment could both significantly improve the symptoms of patients, and the effective rate was 92.86% and 94.29%, respectively. The duration of efficacy was significantly longer in the combined rTMS treatment group (16.89±3.39 weeks) than in BTX-A treatment group (13.04±3.48 weeks). After treatment, SDS score of BTX-A treatment group and combined rTMS treatment group was 49.69±7.90 and 49.46±6.73, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups; SAS score of BTX-A treatment group and combined rTMS treatment group was 53.88±7.34 and 48.79±6.62, respectively, and there was significant difference between the two treatment groups.
conclusionCompared to BTX-A alone treatment, BTX-A combined with rTMS can effectively improve the effect of BTX-A, prolong the duration of blepharospasm relief, and significantly reduce depression and anxiety in patients with BEB.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.