ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2022
Increased responsiveness to punishment of cocaine self-administration after experience with high punishment.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The recreational-to-habitual shift in psychostimulant use is an economic demand parameter that is unrelated to drug consumption levels (under normal and punishment conditions).bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex and dose-dependent effects of cannabidiol on cocaine consumption in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Remission from addiction: erasing the wrong circuits or making new ones?Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Role of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus in heroin self-administration and punishment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Effects of pharmacological and environmental manipulations on choice between fentanyl and shock avoidance/escape in male and female rats under mutually exclusive and non-exclusive choice conditions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- The importance of choice and agency in animal models of addiction.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Delay of punishment highlights differential vulnerability to developing addiction-like behavior toward sweet food.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- DREADD activation of the lateral orbitofrontal increases cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking in male and female rats during intermittent access self-administration under risky conditions.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Effects of environmental and pharmacological manipulations on cocaine-vs-negative reinforcer choice in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Pathways to the persistence of drug use despite its adverse consequences.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Effects of repeated exposure to escalating versus constant punishment intensity on response allocation.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One behavioral feature of drug addiction is continued drug use despite awareness that this causes negative consequences. Attempts to model this feature in animals typically involve punishing drug self-administration with electrical footshock to identify individuals whose drug use is differently suppressed by punishment. Here we sought to further study individual responsiveness of drug use to punishment in rats self-administering intravenous cocaine. Rats were first trained during several weeks to self-administer cocaine under a fixed-ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. Then, their self-administration behavior was punished with increasing intensity of footshock (i.e., from 0.1 mA to 0.9 mA, every 30 min). With increasing intensity of punishment, rats first continued to self-administer cocaine before eventually stopping near completely. When retested, however, drug use became more responsive to punishment and was suppressed by a low and initially ineffective footshock intensity (i.e., 0.1 mA). This increase in responsiveness to punishment was seen in all individuals tested, albeit with varying degrees, and was acquired after one single experience with an intensity of punishment that near completely suppressed drug self-administration. Mere passive, non-contingent exposure to the same intensity, however, had no such effect. Once acquired, increased responsiveness to punishment persisted during at least one month when rats were tested every week, but not every day. Finally, increased responsiveness to punishment was not observed after exposure to a non-painful form of punishment (i.e., histamine). Overall, this study reveals that initial responsiveness of drug use to punishment can change rapidly and persistently with experience. We discuss several possible mechanisms that may account for this change in punishment responsiveness and also draw some of the implications and future perspectives for research on animal models of compulsion-like behavior.
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