ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Intrathecal Antibody Production Against Epstein-Barr, Herpes Simplex, and Other Neurotropic Viruses in Autoimmune Encephalitis.
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Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrathecal antibody synthesis - Reiber method revisited.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Parvovirus B19 DNA Detected in Ovarian Teratomatous Tissue in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Case Report.Viruses · 2026Article
- Spinal fluid antibody profile against bacteria demonstrates intrathecal antibody production in demyelinating diseases.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- High EBV-reactive IgG levels in serum are linked to typical inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid features in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neural autoantibodies in psychiatric disorders are associated with antibodies against viral pathogens: a retrospective study of 619 patients.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Clinical features and risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus-associated encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a common autoimmune disease?ASM case reports · 2025Article
- Thymoma-associated autoimmune encephalitis with myasthenia gravis: Case series and literature review.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Bilateral hearing loss caused by anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with teratoma: A case report.Ibrain · 2024Article
- HLA dependency and possible clinical relevance of intrathecally synthesized anti-IgLON5 IgG4 in anti-IgLON5 disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Stealth invaders: unraveling the mystery of neurotropic viruses and their elusive presence in cerebrospinal fluid - a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Case report: Overlapping anti-AMPAR encephalitis with anti-IgLON5 disease post herpes simplex virus encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Clinical associations and characteristics of the polyspecific intrathecal immune response in elderly patients with non-multiple sclerosis chronic autoimmune-inflammatory neurological diseases - a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Refractory atypical trigeminal neuralgia associated with reactivated herpesvirus infection: pathogenetic link and efficacy of combination antiviral therapy.Virusdisease · 2022Article
- Herpesvirus-Associated Encephalitis: an Update.Current tropical medicine reports · 2022Review
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cell type-specific immune regulation associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in humans.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Current Status of Biomarkers in Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- CSF Findings in Acute NMDAR and LGI1 Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Philipp SchwenkenbecherFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany. schwenkenbecher.philipp@mh-hannover.de.
Thomas SkripuletzFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Peter LangeFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Marc DürrFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Felix F KonenFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Nora MöhnFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Marius RingelsteinFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Til MengeFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Manuel A FrieseFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6380-2420
Nico MelzerFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2420-701X
Michael P MalterFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Martin HäuslerFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Franziska S ThalerFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Martin StangelFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Jan LewerenzFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
Kurt-Wolfram SühsFrom the Department of Neurology (P.S., T.S., F.F.K., Nora Möhn, M.S., K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (P.L.), Georg August University Göttingen; Department of Neurology (M.D., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R., T.M.), Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Nico Melzer), University Hospital Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.P.M.), University Hospital Cologne; Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics (M.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University; and Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis
University Hospital Cologne · DE
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesNeurotropic viruses are suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of the CNS such as the association between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A group of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is linked to antibodies against neuronal cell surface proteins. Because CNS infection with the herpes simplex virus can trigger anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, a similar mechanism for EBV and other neurotropic viruses could be postulated. To investigate for previous viral infections of the CNS, intrathecally produced virus-specific antibody synthesis was determined in patients with AE.
methodsAntibody-specific indices (AIs) against EBV and measles, rubella, varicella zoster, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus were determined in 27 patients having AE (anti-NMDAR encephalitis, n = 21, and LGI1 encephalitis, n = 6) and in 2 control groups comprising of 30 patients with MS and 21 patients with noninflammatory CNS diseases (NIND), which were sex and age matched.
resultsAn intrathecal synthesis of antibodies against EBV was found in 5/27 (19%) patients with AE and 2/30 (7%) of the patients with MS. All these patients had also at least 1 additional elevated virus-specific AI. In contrast, in none of the patients with NIND, an elevated virus-specific AI was detected. DISCUSSION: Intrathecally produced antibodies against EBV can be found in patients with AE and MS but only together with antibodies against different neurotropic viruses. Evidence of these antibodies is the result of a polyspecific immune response similar yet distinct from MS response rather than an elapsed infection of the CNS.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAgedAntibodies, ViralAutoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemEncephalitis, ViralFemaleHerpesvirus 4, HumanHumansMaleMiddle AgedSimplexvirusYoung AdultAntibodies, Viral
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