ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Nomogram to predict the outcomes of patients with microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of Prognostic Programmed Cell Death-Related Long Noncoding RNAs Associated With Immune Infiltration and Therapeutic Responses to Colon Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Mucinous histology and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood biomarkers for predicting response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- From escort to target, the multidimensional roles and prospects of platelets in tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic targeting of mismatch repair-deficient cancers.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Establishment and validation of a clinical prediction model for colorectal adenoma risk factors.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Sex and outcomes of patients with microsatellite instability-high andJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Development and validation of risk prediction model for adverse outcomes in trauma patients.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- The relationship of changes in molecular subtypes with metastases and progression-free survival in breast cancer.Breast disease · 2024Article
- Metastatic sites and lesion numbers cooperated to predict efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor-based combination therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in the dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer Landscape.Cancers · 2023Review
- Association of immune-related adverse events with the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Neoadjuvant immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and combination therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A multi-center real-world retrospective study.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Ascites and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal and gastric cancers.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 13 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is unprecedented. A relevant proportion of subjects achieving durable disease control may be considered potentially 'cured', as opposed to patients experiencing primary ICI refractoriness or short-term clinical benefit. We developed and externally validated a nomogram to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and the time-independent event-free probability (EFP) in patients with MSI-high mCRC receiving ICIs.
methodsThe PFS and EFP were estimated using a cure model fitted on a developing set of 163 patients and validated on a set of 146 patients with MSI-high mCRC receiving anti-programmed death (ligand)1 (PD-(L)1) ± anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) agents. A total of 23 putative prognostic factors were chosen and then selected using a random survival forest (RSF). The model performance in estimating PFS probability was evaluated by assessing calibration (internally-developing set and externally-validating set) and quantifying the discriminative ability (Harrell C index).
resultsRFS selected five variables: ICI type (anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy vs anti-CTLA-4 combo), ECOG PS (0 vs >0), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≤3 vs >3), platelet count, and prior treatment lines. As both in the developing and validation series most PFS events occurred within 12 months, this was chosen as cut-point for PFS prediction. The combination of the selected variables allowed estimation of the 12-month PFS (focused on patients with low chance of being cured) and the EFP (focused on patients likely to be event-free at a certain point of their follow-up). ICI type was significantly associated with disease control, as patients receiving the anti-CTLA-4-combination experienced the best outcomes. The calibration of PFS predictions was good both in the developing and validating sets. The median value of the EFP (46%) allowed segregation of two prognostic groups in both the developing (PFS HR=3.73, 95% CI 2.25 to 6.18; p<0.0001) and validating (PFS HR=1.86, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.23; p=0.0269) sets.
conclusionsA nomogram based on five easily assessable variables including ICI treatment was built to estimate the outcomes of patients with MSI-high mCRC, with the potential to assist clinicians in their clinical practice. The web-based system 'MSI mCRC Cure' was released.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.