ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2021
Failure load of the femoral insertion site of the anterior cruciate ligament in a porcine model: comparison of different portions and knee flexion angles.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Collagen-elastin microstructural network and its mechanical implications in the anterior cruciate ligament: A feasibility study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Dynamic Deformation Behavior of the Porcine Anterior Cruciate Ligament Enthesis Under Anterior Tibial Loading.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Comparison of the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament and related bony structures between pigs and humans.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study compared the failure load of the femoral insertion site of the anterior cruciate ligament between different portions and knee flexion angles.
methodsIn total, 87 fresh-frozen, porcine knees were used in this study. Three knees were used for histological evaluation; the remaining 84 knees were randomly divided into 4 groups: anterior anteromedial bundle, posterior anteromedial bundle, anterior posterolateral bundle, and posterior posterolateral bundle groups (n=21 per group). The anterior cruciate ligament femoral insertion site was divided into these four areas and excised, leaving a 3-mm square attachment in the center of each bundle. Tibia-anterior cruciate ligament-femur complexes were placed in a material testing machine at 30°, 120°, and 150° of knee flexion (n=7), and the failure load for each portion was measured under anterior tibial loading (0.33 mm/s).
resultsHistological study showed that the anterior cruciate ligament femoral insertion site consisted of direct and indirect insertions. Comparison of the failure load between the knee flexion angles revealed that all the failure loads decreased with knee flexion; significant decreases were observed in the failure load between 30 and 150° knee flexion in the posterior anteromedial bundle and posterior posterolateral bundle groups. Comparison of the failure load according to different portions revealed a significant difference between the anteromedial and posterolateral bundle groups at 150° of knee flexion, but no significant difference among the groups at 30° of flexion.
conclusionsAlthough the failure load of the posterior portion decreased significantly in the knee flexion position, it (mainly consisting of indirect insertion) plays a significant role against anterior tibial load in the knee extension position; this appears to be related to the characteristics of the insertion site. Reflecting the complex structure and function of the ACL, this study showed that the failure load of the femoral insertion site varies with differences in positions and knee flexion angles.
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