ArticleBrain stimulation
Theta-burst stimulation entrains frequency-specific oscillatory responses.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Prefrontal-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis physiological and neuropsychological biomarkers predict therapeutic outcomes in depression.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Cerebral Theta-Burst Stimulation Combined with Physiotherapy in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Trial
- Cerebellar rhythms: mechanisms, functions and translational opportunities.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- State-Dependent Modulation of a Theta-Responsive Subnetwork by High-Frequency Stimulation of the Ventral Striatum.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Decoding Naturalistic Episodic Memory with Artificial Intelligence and Brain-Machine Interface.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (iTBS) Improves Motor Coordination and Modulates Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in SCA3/MJD Mice.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Personalized, EEG-controlled intermittent theta burst stimulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Mapping Executive Function Performance Based on Resting-State EEG in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic and Mechanistic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Noninvasive Technology Modalities on Lower-Limb Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- An Investigation of the Modulating Effects of Sensory Stimulation and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Memory-Related Brain Activity.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Modulation of brain oscillations by continuous theta burst stimulation in patients with insomnia.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
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- Human single-neuron activity is modulated by intracranial theta burst stimulation of the basolateral amygdala.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Closed-loop control of theta oscillations enhances human hippocampal network connectivity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Why does invasive brain stimulation sometimes improve memory and sometimes impair it?PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Theta-burst direct electrical stimulation remodels human brain networks.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Molecular Changes in the Ischemic Brain as Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Targets-TMS and tDCS Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Combination Therapies.Biomedicines · 2024Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrain stimulation has emerged as a powerful tool in human neuroscience, becoming integral to next-generation psychiatric and neurologic therapeutics. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS), in which electrical pulses are delivered in rhythmic bouts of 3-8 Hz, seeks to recapitulate neural activity seen endogenously during cognitive tasks. A growing literature suggests that TBS can be used to alter or enhance cognitive processes, but little is known about how these stimulation events influence underlying neural activity.
objectiveOur study sought to investigate the effect of direct electrical TBS on mesoscale neural activity in humans by asking (1) whether TBS evokes persistent theta oscillations in cortical areas, (2) whether these oscillations occur at the stimulated frequency, and (3) whether stimulation events propagate in a manner consistent with underlying functional and structural brain architecture.
methodsWe recruited 20 neurosurgical epilepsy patients with indwelling electrodes and delivered direct cortical TBS at varying locations and frequencies. Simultaneous iEEG was recorded from non-stimulated electrodes and analyzed to understand how TBS influences mesoscale neural activity.
resultsWe found that TBS rapidly evoked theta rhythms in widespread brain regions, preferentially at the stimulation frequency, and that these oscillations persisted for hundreds of milliseconds post stimulation offset. Furthermore, the functional connectivity between recording and stimulation sites predicted the strength of theta response, suggesting that underlying brain architecture guides the flow of stimulation through the brain.
conclusionsBy demonstrating that cortical TBS induces frequency-specific oscillatory responses, our results suggest this technology can be used to directly and predictably influence the activity of cognitively-relevant brain networks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.