Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34428249›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2021

Prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability - a systematic review.

Peiwen Liao, Claire Vajdic, Julian Trollor, Simone Reppermund

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Easy Read Health Information for People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026
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  10. Abdominal Massage for Adults With an Intellectual Disability and Constipation: A Feasibility Pilot Study.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Peiwen LiaoDepartment of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4399-8248
Claire VajdicCentre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Julian TrollorDepartment of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7685-2977
Simone ReppermundDepartment of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo synthesize evidence on the prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability (ID).

methodsWe searched Medline, PsycInfo, and Embase for eligible studies and extracted the prevalence, incidence, and risk of physical health conditions in people with ID.

resultsOf 131 eligible studies, we synthesized results from 77 moderate- to high-quality studies, which was mainly limited to high-income countries. The highest prevalence estimates were observed for epilepsy, ear and eye disorders, cerebral palsy, obesity, osteoporosis, congenital heart defects, and thyroid disorders. Some conditions were more common in people with a genetic syndrome. Compared with the general population, many health conditions occur more frequently among people with ID, including asthma and diabetes, while some conditions such as non-congenital circulatory diseases and solid cancers occur at the same or lower rate. The latter associations may reflect under-detection.

conclusionsPeople with ID have a health profile more complex than previously known. There is a pressing need for targeted, evidence-informed population health initiatives including preventative programs for this population.

Indexed as

PrevalenceAsthmaCardiovascular DiseasesCerebral PalsyDiabetes MellitusEpilepsyEye DiseasesFemaleHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansIntellectual DisabilityMaleObesityOsteoporosisThyroid Diseases

Identifiers

PMID34428249
PMCPMC8384165

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.