ArticleJCI insight2021
Glia limitans superficialis oxidation and breakdown promote cortical cell death after repetitive head injury.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- From glia limitans to glial scars: in vitro co-culture studies of the astrocyte and meningeal interaction.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Pooled it
- Immune signaling and function in neurodegeneration.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Article
- The Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Indexes in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Defining the molecular identity and morphology of glia limitans superficialis astrocytes in vertebrates.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Association of Traumatic Meningeal Enhancement on MRI With Clinical Recovery in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Endothelial EGLN3-PKM2 signaling induces the formation of acute astrocytic barrier to alleviate immune cell infiltration after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- High iron in mouse olfactory ensheathing cells at the glia limitans in the olfactory bulb underlies MRI TImaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Defining the molecular identity and morphology ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- EphA4/EphrinB2 signaling mediates pericyte-induced transient glia limitans formation as a secondary protective barrier after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice.Experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Optimization and Technical Considerations for the Dye-Exclusion Protocol Used to Assess Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in AdultInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Traumatic brain injury induces an adaptive immune response in the meningeal transcriptome that is amplified by aging.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- How the immune system shapes neurodegenerative diseases.Trends in neurosciences · 2022Review
- Stem Cell Therapy for Sequestration of Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immune dynamics in the CNS and its barriers during homeostasis and disease.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) disrupt CNS barriers, the erosion of which has been linked to long-term neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. Although much attention has been devoted to CNS vasculature following mTBI, little is known about the glia limitans superficialis - a barrier of surface-associated astrocytes that helps protect the CNS parenchyma and maintain homeostasis. Here, we identify the glia limitans superficialis as a crucial barrier surface whose breakdown after acute repeat mTBI facilitates increased cell death and recruitment of peripheral myelomonocytic cells. Using intravital microscopy, we show that brain-resident microglia fortify this structure after a single mTBI, yet they fail to do so following secondary injury, which triggers massive recruitment of myelomonocytic cells from the periphery that contribute to further destruction of the glia limitans superficialis but not cortical cell death. We demonstrate, instead, that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to repetitive head injury are largely responsible for enhanced cortical cell death, and therapeutic administration of the antioxidant glutathione markedly reduces this cell death, preserves the glia limitans, and prevents myelomonocytic cells from entering the brain parenchyma. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of preserving the glia limitans superficialis after brain injury and offer a therapeutic means to protect this structure and the underlying cortex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.