ArticleJournal of medical virology2022
Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for the Efficacy of a High Dose of Vitamin D on the Hyperinflammation State in Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Trial
- Article
- The fibrin-derived peptide FX06 protects human pulmonary endothelial cells against the COVID-19-triggered cytokine storm.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The protective role of vitamin D in BNT162b2 vaccine-related acute myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- The Magic Triangle in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, and Malignancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- IL1β, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines cooperate to modulate a complicated medical condition among COVID-19 patients: case-control study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Article
- MicroRNAs and cytokines as potential predictive biomarkers for COVID-19 disease progression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Role of Microbiota-Derived Vitamins in Immune Homeostasis and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Vitamin D Deficiency: An Underestimated Factor in Sepsis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Vitamin D status can affect COVID-19 outcomes also in pediatric population.PharmaNutrition · 2022Review
- Evaluation of amino acid profile in serum of patients with Covid-19 for providing a new treatment strategy.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2022Article
- Immune modulation as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role and relationship between the cytokine profile and protective vitamin D by measuring their serum levels in COVID-19 intensive care unit patients with severe illnesses. A total of 74 patients were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in the COVID-19 group (n = 31) and individuals without a history of serious illness or infection were used as the control group (n = 43). The serum concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, IL-21, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Levels of serum vitamin D were detected with Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methodologies. TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21, and vitamin D levels were measured in all patients. The serum cytokine levels in the COVID-19 patient group were significantly higher (151.59 ± 56.50, 140.37 ± 64.32, 249.02 ± 62.84, 129.04 ± 31.64, and 123.58 ± 24.49, respectively) than control groups. Serum vitamin D was also significantly low (6.82 ± 3.29) in patients in the COVID-19 group than the controls (21.96 ± 5.39). Regarding the correlation of vitamin D with cytokine levels, it was significantly variable. Our study shows that COVID-19 patients are associated with lower serum vitamin D and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with increased virus presence. Our data provide more evidence of the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D on COVID-19 patients and the protective effects of vitamin D on risk were demonstrated.
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