ArticleJournal of medical virology2022
Effect of mutation and vaccination on spread, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 disease.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis comparing open and minimally invasive cervical tumor surgery wound infection and postoperative complications.BMC surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis study of small extracellular vesicle nursing application therapies for healing of wounds and skin regeneration.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis on the occurrence of surgical site wound infection after instant breast reconstruction: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- Prognosis prediction using significant pathological response following neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small-cell lung tumors: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review.Revue neurologique · 2023Pooled it
- COVID vaccination and economic game decisions: The role of analytical thinking.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the choroidal structural and vasculature changes following COVID-19 infection and vaccination using optical coherence tomography angiography.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Exploring the changing landscape of medical imaging: insights from highly cited studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.European radiology · 2025Article
- Impact of Inadequate Nutrition in Lung Transplant Recovery: A Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Cloud-native simulation framework for gossip protocol: Modeling and analyzing network dynamics.PloS one · 2025Article
- The predictive role of inflammation indices derived from complete blood count in severe COVID-19 patients: a study from the United Arab Emirates.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Maternal and Fetal Outcome of COVID-19 Infection among Pregnant Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- The Geographical Conditioning of Regional Differentiation Characterising the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Lived experiences of COVID-19 disease: a qualitative meta-synthesis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Global COVID-19 Pandemic Outcomes: A Cross-Country Comparison Study of Policy Strategies.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Computational design and evaluation of mRNA- and protein-based conjugate vaccines for influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Non-Ventilated Patients with Spontaneous Pneumothorax or Pneumomediastinum Associated with COVID-19: Three-Year Debriefing across Five Pandemic Waves.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Coinfections and Superinfections Associated with COVID-19 in Colombia: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Perceptions, Knowledge, and Experiences of Using Face Masks among Egyptian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2023
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had different waves within the same country. The spread rate and severity showed different properties within the COVID-19 different waves. The present work aims to compare the spread and the severity of the different waves using the available data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and death cases. Real-data sets collected from the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science were used to perform a comparative study between COVID-19 different waves in 12 countries with the highest total performed tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection in the world (Italy, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Spain, India, USA, UAE, Poland, Colombia, Turkey, and Switzerland). The total number of confirmed cases and death cases in different waves of COVID-19 were compared to that of the previous one for equivalent periods. The total number of death cases in each wave was presented as a percentage of the total number of confirmed cases for the same periods. In all the selected 12 countries, Wave 2 had a much higher number of confirmed cases than that in Wave 1. However, the death cases increase was not comparable with that of the confirmed cases to the extent that some countries had lower death cases than in Wave 1, UAE, and Spain. The death cases as a percentage of the total number of confirmed cases in Wave 1 were much higher than that in Wave 2. Some countries have had Waves 3 and 4. Waves 3 and 4 have had lower confirmed cases than Wave 2, however, the death cases were variable in different countries. The death cases in Waves 3 and 4 were similar to or higher than Wave 2 in most countries. Wave 2 of COVID-19 had a much higher spread rate but much lower severity resulting in a lower death rate in Wave 2 compared with that of the first wave. Waves 3 and 4 have had lower confirmed cases than Wave 2; that could be due to the presence of appropriate treatment and vaccination. However, that was not reflected in the death cases, which were similar to or higher than Wave 2 in most countries. Further studies are needed to explain these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.