ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2021
Suicide in prison and after release: a 17-year national cohort study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex differences in suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm after release from incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Tools to Detect Risk of Death by Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Validation of self‑harm prediction models among formerly incarcerated individuals using health data.Health & justice · 2026Article
- County-level social determinants of health and suicide mortality trends among formerly incarcerated persons in North Carolina, 2010-2018.Health & justice · 2026Article
- Exploring reasons and motivations for suicide attempts in prison before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Health & justice · 2025Article
- An examination of former prisoners' mental health problems before death by suicide over a 21-year period (2001-2021).BJPsych open · 2025Article
- [The carinthian suicide database-experiences and findings from 5 years].Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2025Article
- Post-release behavioral healthcare utilization and suicide risk among formerly incarcerated individuals.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- A national survey of current discharge planning and aftercare arrangement practices for those returned to prison from secure psychiatric services in England and Wales.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- The prevalence and comorbidity of mental health and substance use disorders in Scandinavian prisons 2010-2019: a multi-national register study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Suicide Mortality Among Formerly Incarcerated People Compared With the General Population in North Carolina, 2000-2020.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Psychiatric and legal considerations for ketamine treatment within prison settings.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Building an Integrated Data Infrastructure to Examine the Spectrum of Suicide Risk Factors in Philadelphia Medicaid.Administration and policy in mental health · 2023Article
- The impact of imprisonment on individuals' mental health and society reintegration: study protocol.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- The association between drug use and mortality in a norwegian prison cohort: a prospective cohort study.Health & justice · 2023Article
- Suicidal Offenders and Non-Offenders with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective Evaluation of Distinguishing Factors Using Machine Learning.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- The Hidden Toll of Incarceration: Exploring the Link Between Incarceration Histories and Pain Among Older Adults in the United States.Innovation in aging · 2023Article
- Health in Prison: Does Penitentiary Medicine in Italy Still Exist?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople in prison have an extremely high risk of suicide. The aim of this paper is to describe all suicides in the Norwegian prison population from 2000 to 2016, during and following imprisonment; to investigate the timing of suicides; and to investigate the associations between risk of suicide and types of crime.
methodsWe used data from the Norwegian Prison Release study (nPRIS) including complete national register data from the Norwegian Prison Register and the Norwegian Cause of Death Register in the period 1.1.2000 to 31.12.2016, consisting of 96,856 individuals. All suicides were classified according to ICD-10 codes X60-X84. We calculated crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 person-years and used a Cox Proportional-Hazards regression model to investigate factors associated with suicide during imprisonment and after release reported as hazard ratios (HRs).
resultsSuicide accounted for about 10% of all deaths in the Norwegian prison population and was the leading cause of death in prison (53% of in deaths in prison). The CMR per 100,000 person years for in-prison suicides was 133.8 (CI 100.5-167.1) and was ten times higher (CMR = 1535.0, CI 397.9-2672.2) on day one of incarceration. Suicides after release (overall CMR = 82.8, CI 100.5-167.1) also peaked on day one after release (CMR = 665.7, CI 0-1419.1). Suicide in prison was strongly associated with convictions of homicide (HR 18.2, CI 6.5-50.8) and high-security prison level (HR 15.4, CI 3.6-65.0). Suicide after release was associated with convictions of homicide (HR 3.1, CI 1.7-5.5).
conclusionThere is a high risk of suicide during the immediate first period of incarceration and after release. Convictions for severe violent crime, especially homicide, are associated with increased suicide risk, both in prison and after release.
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