ReviewSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2021
Understanding the excess psychosis risk in ethnic minorities: the impact of structure and identity.
Review in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The qualitative accounts of black informal carers of people with psychosis and their experiences accessing mental health services: a systematic review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Fear of relapse in schizophrenia: a mixed-methods systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Feeling out of place: a qualitative study on pathways from social adversities to early psychosis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Control Mechanisms Associated With Hallucinatory Experiences.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Environmental risk score as a predictor for 25-year symptom and functional trajectories in first episode psychosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic prescribing trends in England: role of regional disparities, health inequalities and ethnic density.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Predicting risk of psychosis in primary care: a qualitative study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- From housing to home and belonging: structural violence, ontological (in)security and women's mental health.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- Urbanicity, parental social deprivation, and risk of early psychosis in Chile: a national cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Correlations between receptor occupancy change and mental state in patients using long-acting injectable antipsychotics: MIDILIA pilot study.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Reimagining psychosis prevention: responding to the accessibility issues of At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) services through a selective public health approach.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among the older people in ethnic minority areas in southern China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The association between racism and psychosis: An umbrella review.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Experiences and socio-environmental contexts in the lead-up to psychosis: a qualitative analysis of the narratives of persons with psychosis from different ethnic, racial and immigrant backgrounds.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Ethnic inequalities in community rehabilitation use and psychiatric hospitalizations among people with chronic psychotic disorder.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Ethno-racial disparities in psychosis-like experiences among students in higher education: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study 2020-2021.Psychiatry research · 2024Article
- How to think about the social in psychiatric research? On language games and styles of social thought.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Racism, early psychosis, and institutional contact: A qualitative study of Indigenous experiences.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2023Article
- Representation Challenges in Large Clinical Datasets.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- How is ethnicity reported, described, and analysed in health research in the UK? A bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young refugees.BMC public health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposePsychotic disorders, which are associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality, are up to five times more common in some ethnic minority groups compared with the white majority in Western countries. This long-standing and well-replicated public mental health disparity has hitherto largely eluded adequate explanation. We argue that this might have arisen in part due to the lack of attention given to theoretical work characterising the complex and multidimensional social nature of ethnicity by those epidemiological investigations that have dominated the literature.
methodsTo bridge this gap, we draw on theoretical and empirical literature from across the social sciences considering the ontological significance of ethnicity (as biology, migration, racialised structures and identity) and its relationships with psychotic disorders to illuminate probable drivers of excess psychosis risk.
resultsThe largest gains in our theoretical understanding of excess psychosis risk among ethnic minority groups are to be made by considering ethnicity in relation to disempowerment resulting from structural and identity-based exclusion. The former is readily studied through the social gradient in health: socioeconomic disadvantage clusters in some ethnic minorities and increases the risk of poor health outcomes, including psychosis. Furthermore, limitations on identity acquisition and expression imposed by the ethnic majority can further contribute to alienate ethnic minorities and increase psychosocial disempowerment (a lack of control over one's life).
conclusionWe theorise that structural and identity-based exclusion act as the primary drivers shaping variation in rates of psychotic disorder by ethnic minority status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.