ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2022
Comparison of saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations when smoking and after being offered dual nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis of the Use of Remote Biochemical Verification Methods of Smoking Status in Tobacco Research.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Smoking cessation for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Using nicotine replacement therapy for smoking reduction in pregnancy: a qualitative study of pregnant women in the UK who smoke.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Reported Daily Nicotine Dose from NRT and Daily Cigarette Consumption in Pregnant Women Who Smoke in an Observational Cohort Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Observational
- Development and Content Validation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Beliefs About Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Comparison of saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations when smoking and after being offered dual nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsAlthough English Stop Smoking Services routinely offer dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to help pregnant women to quit smoking, little is known about how nicotine and tobacco smoke exposures following this compare with that from smoking. We compared, in pregnant women when smoking and after being offered dual NRT, saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and numbers of daily cigarettes smoked. DESIGN AND
settingSecondary analysis of data from three sequential, observational, mixed-methods cohort studies conducted as part of the Nicotine Replacement Effectiveness and Delivery in Pregnancy programme. Participants were recruited on-line or in Nottingham University Hospitals (UK) antenatal clinics between June 2019 and September 2020.
participantsForty pregnant women, who agreed to try stopping smoking.
interventionParticipants were offered dual NRT, agreed a smoking quit date and received an intervention to improve adherence to NRT. MEASUREMENTS: Saliva cotinine and exhaled CO concentrations and reported number of cigarettes smoked per day.
findingsThere were no differences in saliva cotinine concentrations at baseline and day 7 post quit date [n = 20, mean difference = -32.31 ng/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -68.11 to 3.5 ng/ml; P = 0.074, Bayes factor = 0.04]. There were reductions in the reported number of cigarettes smoked per day (n = 26, mean difference = -7 cigarettes, 95% CI = -8.35 to -5.42 cigarettes, P < 0.001) and concurrently in exhaled CO concentrations (n = 17, ratio of geometric means = 0.30 p.p.m., 95% CI = 0.17-0.52 p.p.m.; P < 0.001).
conclusionPregnant women who smoke and are offered dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) appear to show no change in their exposure to cotinine compared with their pre-NRT exposure levels but they report smoking fewer cigarettes, as validated by reductions in exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations.
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