ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2021
Increased Menopausal Age Reduces the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menopause and neurological disorders: a roadmap for research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- The Neurology of Menopause.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Is Parkinson's disease getting older? Demographic and modifiable determinants of age at onset in a large Italian tertiary care cohort.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Differentiating between the impact of sex and gender in Parkinson's disease: utilising these to advance current understanding and care practices.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Shared and Sex-Specific Genetic Risk for Parkinson's Disease Risk Across European Populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Integrating network pharmacology with molecular docking and dynamics to uncover therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of vitamin D3 in Parkinson's disease.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- The role of neuroactive steroids in psychiatric and neurological disorders: Neurobiology and therapeutic perspectives.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Risk of Cognitive Decline in Women with Parkinson's Disease Is Reduced by Early Age at Menarche.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Interaction Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Parkinson Disease Polygenic Risk Score.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Pleiotropy with sex-specific traits reveals genetic aspects of sex differences in Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Update: Descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Review
- The causal effects of age at menarche and age at menopause on sepsis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Their Renin-Angiotensin Cargo as a Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Among men, androgens are associated with a decrease in Alzheimer's disease risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- X-Chromosome Association Study in Latin American Cohorts Identifies New Loci in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Article
- Sex and Age Differences in a Progressive Synucleinopathy Mouse Model.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Association of women-specific health factors in the severity of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Sex and Brain: The Role of Sex Chromosomes and Hormones in Brain Development and Parkinson's Disease.Cells · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the association with age at menarche or menopause have reported inconsistent findings. Mendelian randomization (MR) may address measurement errors because of difficulties accurately reporting the age these life events occur.
objectiveWe used MR to assess the association between age at menopause and age at menarche with PD risk.
methodsWe performed inverse variant-weighted (IVW) MR analysis using external genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the United Kingdom biobank, and the effect estimates between genetic variants and PD among two population-based studies (Parkinson's disease in Denmark (PASIDA) study, Denmark, and Parkinson's Environment and Gene study [PEG], United States) that enrolled 1737 female and 2430 male subjects of European ancestry. We, then, replicated our findings for age at menopause using summary statistics from the PD consortium (19 773 women), followed by a meta-analysis combining all summary statistics.
resultsFor each year increase in age at menopause, the risk for PD decreased (odds ration [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.98; P = 0.03) among women in our study, whereas there was no association among men (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11; P = 0.71). A replication using summary statistics from the PD consortium estimated an OR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.99; P = 0.01), and we calculated a meta-analytic OR of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = 0.003). There was no indication for an association between age at menarche and PD (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.44-1.29; P = 0.29).
conclusionsA later age at menopause was associated with a decreased risk of PD in women, supporting the hypothesis that sex hormones or other factors related to late menopause may be neuroprotective in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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