ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2022
Mendelian Randomization: Concepts and Scope.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 517 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
517 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Does illicit drug use increase stroke risk? A systematic review, meta-analyses, and Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026Pooled it
- Lifecourse genome-wide association study meta-analysis refines the critical life stages for adiposity's influence on breast cancer risk.Science advances · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of gut microbiome on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy-systematic literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A bibliometric and text-mining analysis of lipidomics and metabolomics in human disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating the shared genetic information between serum concentration levels of liver enzymes and cholelithiasis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation association study of CHIP provides insight into perturbed gene regulation.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Association between triglyceride-glucose indices and incident glaucoma: integrated UK Biobank and Mendelian randomization study.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Immune Cell-Stratified Regulatory Contexts Associated With BMI-Related Multi-System Disease Risk: A Cell-Stratified Mendelian Randomization Study Using Single-Cell eQTL Data.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Association Between Sleep Disorders and Breast Cancer: An Analysis Based on NHANES and Mendelian Randomization.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Triangulating Evidence on Serum Uric Acid and Cancer Risk: Consistent Inverse Associations With Lung Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Gene-Environment Interaction Mendelian Randomization Reveals Statin-Dependent Associations Between Metabolites and Lipid Traits.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Limited evidence for causal effects of circulating inflammatory cytokines on the risk of selected hematologic malignancies: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Blood research · 2026Article
- Article
- Inferring multi-organ genetic connections using imaging and clinical data through Mendelian randomization.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- The solute carrier transporter SLCO5A1 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Risk of Erythritol-Associated Ischemic Stroke: Integrated Genetic, Transcriptomic, and Machine Learning Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal immune-related driver genes in the heart failure inflammatory microenvironment.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Article
- Multi-omics integration identifiesTranslational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Association Between Oral Cavity Cancer and Lymphoma: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
457 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable exposures (i.e., potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic variants associated with the specific exposures of interest. MR provides a more robust understanding of the influence of these exposures on outcomes because germline genetic variants are randomly inherited from parents to offspring and, as a result, should not be related to potential confounding factors that influence exposure-outcome associations. The genetic variant can therefore be used as a tool to link the proposed risk factor and outcome, and to estimate this effect with less confounding and bias than conventional epidemiological approaches. We describe the scope of MR, highlighting the range of applications being made possible as genetic data sets and resources become larger and more freely available. We outline the MR approach in detail, covering concepts, assumptions, and estimation methods. We cover some common misconceptions, provide strategies for overcoming violation of assumptions, and discuss future prospects for extending the clinical applicability, methodological innovations, robustness, and generalizability of MR findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.