ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2021
Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05188703 (Undiagnosed Diabetic Retinopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Undiagnosed Diabetic Retinopathy: Using Participatory Science to Design an Intervention for Patients at High-Risk for Blindness
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic retinopathy treatment cascade and care continuum in the USA: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Association of vitamin D3 and diabetic retinopathy in US adults: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Interrogating a framework for diabetic retinopathy screening adherence: Qualitative insights from a severely affected and under-adherent population.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Digital Health Tool for Preventing Blindness From Diabetic Retinopathy: Protocol for a Qualitative Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- The predictive value of family income to poverty ratio and diabetic retinopathy in adults aged 20 years and above in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 1999-2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Social Determinants Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008).American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Towards Accountable AI in Eye Disease Diagnosis: Workflow, External Validation, and Development.ArXiv · 2025Article
- AI Workflow, External Validation, and Development in Eye Disease Diagnosis.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Recommendations for Designing a Digital Health Tool for Blindness Prevention Among High-Risk Diabetic Retinopathy Patients: Qualitative Focus Group Study of Adults With Diabetes.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- The association between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with diabetes: NHANES 2009-2014.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and retinopathy among American adults: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Nonlinear Association Between Red Cell Distribution Width-to-Albumin Ratio and Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Modifiable lifestyle, mental health status and diabetic retinopathy in U.S. adults aged 18-64 years with diabetes: a population-based cross-sectional study from NHANES 1999-2018.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Investigation of the reasons for delayed presentation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients.PloS one · 2024Article
- High myopia is protective against diabetic retinopathy in the participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Inequities and Research Gaps in Ophthalmology: A Scoping Review.JAMA ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Article
- Undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy in Northeast China: prevalence and determinants.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Sociodemographic variables associated with risk for diabetic retinopathy.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study determines the prevalence and associated correlates of people unaware of their diabetic retinopathy diagnosis in the U.S.
methodsParticipants unaware of diabetic retinopathy from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2008 were identified. The prevalence of those unaware of their diabetic retinopathy diagnosis was determined. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to determine correlates associated with being unaware of one's diabetic retinopathy diagnosis (completed in 2018‒2020).
resultsAmong 5,563 participants aged ≥40 years who underwent fundus photography, the prevalence of those unaware of their diabetic retinopathy diagnosis was 10.6% (9.8 million). This included 23.1% of those with self-reported diabetes (2.9 million) and 6.8% of those who reported not having diabetes (6.9 million). Among participants reporting diabetes with photographic evidence of retinopathy, 70.1% were unaware. Among individuals with self-reported diabetes, correlates of being unaware of one's diabetic retinopathy diagnosis included diabetes diaganosis for ≥10 years (OR=3.15, 95% CI=1.78, 5.56), HbA1c ≥6.5% (OR=2.92, 95% CI=1.65, 5.18), and treatment with insulin only (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.43, 11.39). Self-reported hypertension was associated with decreased odds of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.28, 0.82). Among those without self-reported diabetes, correlates of being unaware of diabetic retinopathy included older age (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01, 1.04), male sex (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.31, 2.56), Black race (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.12, 2.92), Hispanic race/ethnicity (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.14, 2.25), elevated blood pressure (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.23, 1.93), current smoking (OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.21, 2.51), and history of stroke (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.06, 4.58).
conclusionsA substantial proportion of individuals with diabetic retinopathy are unaware of the diagnosis. These data provide a path toward refining efforts to diagnose and treat diabetic retinopathy to decrease the burden of preventable blindness.
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