ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2021
Neuron-intrinsic immunity to viruses in mice and humans.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host Genetic Susceptibility and Antiviral Immunity Shape the Pathogenesis and Outcomes of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.Biology · 2026Review
- Immune Evasion by Neurotropic Viruses: Molecular Strategies, Cellular Targets, and Consequences for CNS Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Regional and Temporal Patterns of Long-Term Pseudorabies Virus Detection and Neuropathology in the Murine CNS.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antiviral responses in peripheral and brain neurons.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Human inborn errors of type I interferon-independent intrinsic immunity in nonleukocytic cells.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- The seven enigmas of SARS-CoV-2: from the past to the future.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- Expression Profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the Mouse Brain Infected with Pseudorabies Virus: A Bioinformatic Analysis.Viruses · 2025Article
- Characterization of human cytomegalovirus infection dynamics in human microglia.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Review
- CNS disease associated with enhanced type I interferon signalling.The Lancet. Neurology · 2024Review
- Nucleic acid sensing in the central nervous system: Implications for neural circuit development, function, and degeneration.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 brainstem encephalitis in human inherited DBR1 deficiency.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Herpes simplex virus infection induces necroptosis of neurons and astrocytes in human fetal organotypic brain slice cultures.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- The Impact of Innate Components on Viral Pathogenesis in the Neurotropic Coronavirus Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model.Viruses · 2023Review
- Encephalitis and poor neuronal death-mediated control of herpes simplex virus in human inherited RIPK3 deficiency.Science immunology · 2023Article
- Inflammation-Mediated Responses in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Human OTULIN haploinsufficiency impairs cell-intrinsic immunity to staphylococcal α-toxin.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Disrupting Neurons and Glial Cells Oneness in the Brain-The Possible Causal Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viral encephalitis is a major neglected medical problem. Host defense mechanisms against viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) have long remained unclear. The few previous studies of CNS-specific immunity to viruses in mice in vivo and humans in vitro have focused on the contributions of circulating leukocytes, resident microglial cells and astrocytes, with neurons long considered passive victims of viral infection requiring protection from extrinsic antiviral mechanisms. The last decade has witnessed the gradual emergence of the notion that neurons also combat viruses through cell-intrinsic mechanisms. Forward genetic approaches in humans have shown that monogenic inborn errors of TLR3, IFN-α/β, or snoRNA31 immunity confer susceptibility to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of the forebrain, whereas inborn errors of DBR1 underlie brainstem infections due to various viruses, including HSV-1. The study of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CNS-resident cells has unraveled known (i.e. TLR3-dependent IFN-α/β immunity) and new (i.e. snoRNA31-dependent or DBR1-dependent immunity) cell-intrinsic antiviral mechanisms operating in neurons. Reverse genetic approaches in mice have confirmed that some known antiviral mechanisms also operate in mouse neurons (e.g. TLR3 and IFN-α/β immunity). The search for human inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) underlying various forms of viral encephalitis, coupled with mouse models in vivo, and hPSC-based culture models of CNS and peripheral nervous system cells and organoids in vitro, should shed further light on the cell-specific and tissue-specific mechanisms of host defense against viruses in the human brain.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.