ArticleBioengineered2021
Identification of fibronectin 1 (FN1) and complement component 3 (C3) as immune infiltration-related biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy using integrated bioinformatic analysis.
Article in Bioengineered, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Multiomics Integration Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanisms of Efferocytosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Complement System-Related Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy: Screening for Potential Targets of the Mechanism.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
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- Integrative analysis of DEGs and regulatory networks in T2DM: identification of core genes and regulatory elements as novel therapeutic targets.3 Biotech · 2025Article
- Integrin Trafficking, Fibronectin Architecture, and Glomerular Injury upon Adiponectin Receptor 1 Depletion.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics identifies the common perturbations of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in inflammaging of bone marrow.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Article
- Exploring genetic signatures of obesity: hub genes and miRNAs unveiled through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Identification of key genes in diabetic nephropathy based on lipid metabolism.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics analysis to disclose shared molecular mechanisms between type-2 diabetes and clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma, and therapeutic indications.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identification of hub genes associated withWorld journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Complement Cascade Proteins Correlate with Fibrosis and Inflammation in Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetic Kidney Disease in the Ins2Akita Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Serum proteomic profiling of precancerous gastric lesions and early gastric cancer reveals signatures associated with systemic inflammatory response and metaplastic differentiation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- The Role of Immune Cells in DKD: Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Identification of potential shared gene signatures between gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes: a data-driven analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Identification of key immune-related genes and immune infiltration in diabetic nephropathy based on machine learning algorithms.IET systems biology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Complement C5a Receptors in Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration (ICI) plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Evidence suggests that immune-related genes play an important role in the initiation of inflammation and the recruitment of immune cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and immune-related biomarkers in DN have not been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore immune-related biomarkers in DN and the underlying mechanisms using bioinformatic approaches. In this study, four DN glomerular datasets were downloaded, merged, and divided into training and test cohorts. First, we identified 55 differentially expressed immune-related genes; their biological functions were mainly enriched in leukocyte chemotaxis and neutrophil migration. The CIBERSORT algorithm was then used to evaluate the infiltrated immune cells; macrophages M1/M2, T cells CD8, and resting mast cells were strongly associated with DN. The ICI-related gene modules as well as 25 candidate hub genes were identified to construct a protein-protein interactive network and conduct molecular complex detection using the GOSemSim algorithm. Consequently, FN1, C3, and VEGFC were identified as immune-related biomarkers in DN, and a related transcription factor-miRNA-target network was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was estimated in the test cohort; FN1 and C3 had large area under the curve values (0.837 and 0.824, respectively). Clinical validation showed that FN1 and C3 were negatively related to the glomerular filtration rate in patients with DN. Six potential therapeutic small molecule compounds, such as calyculin, phenamil, and clofazimine, were discovered in the connectivity map. In conclusion, FN1 and C3 are immune-related biomarkers of DN.
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