ArticleDevelopmental psychology2021
Iron deficiency in infancy and neurocognitive and educational outcomes in young adulthood.
Article in Developmental psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Global prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among children aged 5-12 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Influence of Intensive Nutritional Education on the Iron Status in Infants-Randomised Controlled Study.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Anaemia and its association with iron, vitamin BBMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Postnatal Iron Supplementation Fails to Fully Rescue Brain Metal and Transcriptional Defects Caused by Nutrition-Based Gestational Iron Deficiency.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RetHe) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Permissive Parenting Style and Anemia Are Associated with Developmental Delays Among Under-Five Children in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relatively high prevalence of subclinical iron deficiency in Japanese children: evidence from a preoperative screening cohort.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Nine Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Multilevel Proportional Odds Model Using the Latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infants-Diagnostic Challenge and Assessment of Dietary Impact on Its Prevalence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent as a diagnostic parameter of iron deficiency anemia in infants age 1-4 months.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Associations Between Lifetime Histories of Iron Deficiency, Anxiety, Depression and Multiple Pain Conditions: An Observational Study Using a Large-Scale National Database.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Early-life nutritional supplementation protects against home environmental risks in Ghanaian children's social-emotional development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Observational
- Reference values for reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent in healthy Chinese children under 5 years and its associations with various blood parameters.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Anaemia in India and Its Prevalence and Multifactorial Aetiology: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study examines the extent to which iron deficiency in infancy contributes to adverse neurocognitive and educational outcomes in young adulthood directly and indirectly, through its influence on verbal cognition and attention problems in childhood. Young adults (N = 1,000, M age = 21.3 years, 52% female; of Spanish or indigenous descent) from working-class families in Santiago, Chile, completed instruments assessing memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, and educational attainment. Iron status was assessed at ages 6, 12, and 18 months, and verbal intelligence, inattention, and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms were assessed at age 10. Results indicated that young adults who had iron-deficiency in infancy had poor executive control at age 21. Severity of iron deficiency during infancy was associated with lower verbal IQ and more frequent inattention and SCT symptoms in childhood, and with lower educational attainment in young adulthood through its effect on inattention. No additional indirect effects were found. Interventions directed toward improving cognitive and attention deficits linked to early-life iron deficiency appear warranted and could alter the course to adult functioning. Further research on the impact of such interventions would be helpful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.