SynthesisPalliative medicine2021
Timely short-term specialized palliative care service intervention for older people with frailty and their family carers in primary care: Development and modelling of the frailty+ intervention using theory of change.
Synthesis in Palliative medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation science in care for older adults across healthcare settings: a scoping review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Article
- Implementation, Processes and Outcomes of Advance Care Planning: A Culturally and Contextually Appropriate Programme Theory Developed in Chinese Long-Term Care Facilities.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Development of planning of the integrated care for older people in China: a theory of change approach.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Development of a complex palliative care intervention for patients with heart failure and their family carers: a theory of change approach.BMC palliative care · 2025Article
- Sequential multiple mediating effect of loneliness and family health on physical frailty and willingness to age at home in older adults: a national survey in China.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Analyzing innovative policies and practices for palliative care in Portugal: a qualitative study.BMC palliative care · 2024Article
- What patient-reported outcome measures may be suitable for research involving older adults with frailty? A scoping review.European geriatric medicine · 2024Article
- The Experiences and Views on Palliative Care of Older People with Multimorbidities, Their Family Caregivers and Professionals in a Spanish Hospital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- How Do Older People Experience Person-Centred Integrated Care? An Integrative Review of the Evidence.International journal of integrated careArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPalliative care is advocated for older people with frailty and multimorbidity in the community. However, how to best deliver it is unclear.
aimTo develop and model an intervention of short-term specialized palliative care that is initiated timely based on complex care needs and integrated with primary care for older people with frailty and their family, detailing the intervention components, outcomes and preconditions needed for implementation, using a novel theoretical approach.
designObservational study informed by the UK MRC guidance for complex interventions integrated with a Theory of Change (i.e. hypothetical causal pathway to impact) approach. We synthesized evidence from a systematic review, semi-structured interviews, group discussions and Theory of Change workshops.
settingPrimary care in Flanders, Belgium.
resultsWe identified patient and family carer-related long-term outcomes and preconditions to achieve them for example, service providers are willing and able to deliver the intervention. The intervention components included implementation components, for example, training for service providers, and a core component, that is, provision of timely short-term specialized palliative care by a specialized palliative home care nurse. The latter includes: short-term service delivery; collaborative and integrative working within primary care; delivery of holistic needs- and capacity-based care; person-centred and family-focussed; and goal-oriented pro-active care.
conclusionsThe Theory of Change approach allowed us to identify multiple intervention components targeting different stakeholders to achieve the desired outcomes. It also facilitated a detailed description of the intervention which aims to increase replicability and effective comparisons with other interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.