ArticleFamily practice2022
Substance use disorder approaches in US primary care clinics with national reputations as workforce innovators.
Article in Family practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluating the effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment centers: a systematic review of international standards and outcomes.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Pooled it
- Clinician-Level Variation in MAUD Prescribing: The Role of Behavioral Health Experience.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2026Article
- Predictors of Death From Physical Illness or Accidental/Intentional Causes Among Patients With Substance-Related Disorders.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Family Practice substance use disorder theme issue: commentary.Family practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver the last decade, primary care clinics in the United States have responded both to national policies encouraging clinics to support substance use disorders (SUD) service expansion and to regulations aiming to curb the opioid epidemic.
objectiveTo characterize approaches to SUD service expansion in primary care clinics with national reputations as workforce innovators.
methodsComparative case studies were conducted to characterize different approaches among 12 primary care clinics purposively and iteratively recruited from a national registry of workforce innovators. Observational field notes and qualitative interviews from site visits were coded and analysed to identify and characterize clinic attributes.
resultsCodes describing clinic SUD expansion approaches emerged from our analysis. Clinics were characterized as: avoidant (n = 3), contemplative (n = 5) and responsive (n = 4). Avoidant clinics were resistant to planning SUD service expansion; had no or few on-site behavioural health staff; and lacked on-site medication treatment (previously termed medication-assisted therapy) waivered providers. Contemplative clinics were planning or had partially implemented SUD services; members expressed uncertainties about expansion; had co-located behavioural healthcare providers, but no on-site medication treatment waivered and prescribing providers. Responsive clinics had fully implemented SUD; members used non-judgmental language about SUD services; had both co-located SUD behavioural health staff trained in SUD service provision and waivered medication treatment physicians and/or a coordinated referral pathway.
conclusionsEfforts to support SUD service expansion should tailor implementation supports based on specific clinic training and capacity building needs. Future work should inform the adaption of evidence-based practices that are responsive to resource constraints to optimize SUD treatment access.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.