ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2021
Clinical characteristics of the first and second COVID-19 waves in the Bronx, New York: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- Elevated risk of first-time pulmonary hypertension among COVID-19 survivors: a 4.5-year longitudinal study.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Repeated head impacts establish a senescent cranial bone marrow niche that impairs brain metabolism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Blood pressure trends and disparities across the COVID-19 pandemic in a large diverse urban population.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Repeated Mild Head Injury Establishes a Senescent Cranial Bone Marrow Niche that Impairs Brain Metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Food insecurity and COVID-19-related experiences among people with HIV: A mixed methods analysis and conceptual framework.PloS one · 2026Article
- Long-Term Cardiovascular and Mortality Risk in Patients with Pre-Existing Arrhythmia Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Incidence rate and risk factors of pulmonary conditions three years post COVID-19 in Bronx, New York: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding Vaccine Disparities in the Bronx, New York, Through a Mixed Methods Analysis of Community and Provider Perspectives.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Increased Incidence of New-Onset Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with COVID-19 in an Underserved Urban Population in the Bronx.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- COVID-19 pandemic interruption of breast cancer screening is linked to clinical upstaging at presentation: the roles of demographics, socioeconomic status and unmet social needs.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Observational
- Incidence and risk factors of new clinical disorders in patients with COVID-19 hyperinflammatory syndrome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Experiences of U.S. frontline physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on long-term outcomes in Parkinson's disease.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in New York City during March 2020-August 2023.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- The association of financial resources and loneliness among older adults during a state of emergency.PloS one · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 infection and vaccine uptake across multiple waves of the pandemic in Southeast Michigan: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Are at Greater Risk of Developing New Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease Following COVID-19.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- New-onset cardiovascular diseases post SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban population in the Bronx.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Pre-Existing Essential Tremor After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Among Emergency Health Care Personnel: Impact on Delivery of United States Emergency Medical Care, 2020.Annals of emergency medicine · 2024Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThere is limited clinical patient data comparing the first and second waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and the effects of a COVID-19 resurgence on different age, racial and ethnic groups. We compared the first and second COVID-19 waves in the Bronx, New York, among a racially and ethnically diverse population.
methodsPatients in this retrospective cohort study were included if they had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a real-time PCR test of a nasopharyngeal swab specimen detected between March 11, 2020, and January 21, 2021. Main outcome measures were critical care, in-hospital acquired disease and death. Patient demographics, comorbidities, vitals, and laboratory values were also collected.
findingsA total of 122,983 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 12,659 tested positive. The second wave was characterized by a younger demographic, fewer comorbidities, less extreme laboratory values at presentation, and lower risk of adverse outcomes, including in-hospital mortality (adj. OR = 0·23, 99·5% CI = 0·17 to 0·30), hospitalization (adj. OR = 0·65, 99·5% CI = 0·58 to 0·74), invasive mechanical ventilation (adj. OR = 0·70, 99·5% CI = 0·56 to 0·89), acute kidney injury (adj. OR = 0·62, 99·5% CI = 0·54 to 0·71), and length of stay (adj. OR = 0·71, 99·5% CI = 0·60 to 0·85), with Black and Hispanic patients demonstrating most improvement in clinical outcomes.
interpretationThe second COVID-19 wave in the Bronx exhibits improved clinical outcomes compared to the first wave across all age, racial, and ethnic groups, with minority groups showing more improvement, which is encouraging news in the battle against health disparities.
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