ArticleJournal of immunology research2021
Propofol Ameliorates Microglia Activation by Targeting MicroRNA-221/222-IRF2 Axis.
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- The Role of microRNA in Anaesthetics-induced Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Action of Propofol in Modulating Microglial Activation in Ischemic Stroke.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Novel and emerging anesthetic drugs for the treatments of major depression: a comprehensive review of efficacy, mechanism, and outlook.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- The Role of Intravenous Anesthetics for Neuro: Protection or Toxicity?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Propofol alleviates M1 polarization and neuroinflammation of microglia in a subarachnoid hemorrhage modelEuropean journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2024Article
- The ENCODE mouse postnatal developmental time course identifies regulatory programs of cell types and cell states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effect of General Anesthetic Agents on Microglia.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Crucial role of autophagy in propofol-treated neurological diseases: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Propofol inhibits neuroinflammation and metabolic reprogramming in microgliaFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPropofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic drug with potential neuroprotective effect in diverse diseases of neuronal injuries such as traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown.
methodsReal-time qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting were used to identify the expression pattern of miR-221/222, inflammatory genes, cytokines, and IRF2. The biological roles and mechanisms of propofol in microglia activation were determined in BV2 cells and primary microglia. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm the regulatory role of miR-221/222 in Irf2 expression.
resultsWe found that miR-221 and miR-222 were downstream targets of propofol and were consistently upregulated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) primed BV2 cells. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that miR-221 and miR-222 were profoundly implicated in microglia activation. Then, interferon regulatory factor 2 (Irf2) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-221/222. IRF2 protein levels were reduced by miR-221/222 and increased by propofol treatment. Ectopic expression of IRF2 attenuated the proinflammatory roles induced by LPS in BV2 cells. More importantly, the suppressive effects of propofol on LPS-primed activation of BV2 cells or primary mouse microglia involved the inhibition of miR-221/222-IRF2 axis.
conclusionsOur study highlights the critical function of miR-221/222, which inhibited
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.