ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2021
Findings from the 45 and Up Study: smoking is not associated with the risk of early-onset cataract.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo determine if tobacco smoking is a risk factor for early-onset cataracts.
methodsThis was a prospective population-based cohort study. A total of 70,886 participants aged 45-55 years in the 45 and Up Study were included in our analysis. Early-onset cataracts (EOC) were defined as cataract surgeries performed before 65 years old, based on participant data linked to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS). Smoking habits were assessed at baseline, based on a self-administered questionnaire. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between tobacco smoking and the risk of early-onset cataracts over the follow-up period.
resultsAt baseline recruitment, 59.9% of study participants never smoked, 30.5% were former smokers, and 9.6% were current smokers. A total of 1,713 participants underwent cataract surgery over a mean follow-up of 625,042 person-years, with an incidence of 2.74 cases per 1,000 person-years. For current smokers, patients with EOC had longer smoking durations (P=0.019). For former smokers, patients with EOC had higher smoking intensities (P=0.001), were older at smoking commencement (P=0.011), and longer times since quitting (P=0.04). The risk of EOC was not found to be significantly different between current smokers or former smokers, compared to those who had never smoked. Both stratification and sensitivity analyses by gender, surgery year, alcohol intake, physical activity, and income yielded similar results.
conclusionsSmoking has neither a beneficial nor harmful effect on the long-term incidence of EOC.
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