ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2021
Comparative Analysis of Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prepectoral and partial subpectoral immediate single-stage Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Using ADM.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative complications of prepectoral versus subpectoral breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Postoperative Complications Following Prepectoral Versus Partial Subpectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Using ADM: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Pooled it
- The use of porcine acellular dermal matrices in implant-based breast reconstruction: A systematic literature review.JPRAS open · 2026Review
- Comparison of different implant-based breast reconstruction strategies: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Model to Predict Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction Complications.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Lipodermal Flaps in One-Stage Pre-pectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with Wise-Pattern Mastectomy: A Single-Center Experience.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- One or Two Drains? A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Postoperative Complications After Tissue Expander Placement.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Does Size Matter? Exploring the Impact of Acellular Dermal Matrix Dimensions on Complications in Immediate Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- One-Year Outcomes in Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Alloplastic Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2025Article
- Prepectoral versus Submuscular Breast Reconstruction after Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Complications and Outcomes.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2025Article
- Complications After Subpectoral and Prepectoral Tissue Expander Placement in Women Undergoing Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Nipple Position and Clinical Outcomes Following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: An Examination of Prepectoral and Subpectoral Implant-Based Reconstruction Utilizing 3D Imaging.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol Decreases Length of Stay and Postoperative Narcotic Use in Tissue Expander-based Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- A Single-center Comparison of Surgical Outcomes following Prepectoral and Subpectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Early Complications in Prepectoral Breast Reconstructions with and without Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Preliminary Analysis of Outcomes.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2024Article
- The Effect of Early Cultures and Dual-port Expanders on Two-stage, Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: The 25/25 Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Prepectoral versus subpectoral two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction: U.S. medical center experience and narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent advances in mastectomy and reconstruction have allowed for an evolution in implant-based breast reconstruction to a muscle-sparing, prepectoral approach. Advantages of this technique may include reductions in postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, less narcotic usage, and improved aesthetic outcomes. Postoperative complication rates are described as comparable to subpectoral techniques; however, little comparative data exist to adequately assess prepectoral versus subpectoral implant placement.
methodsTo address this knowledge gap, we performed a single institution retrospective review of 186 (83 prepectoral, 103 subpectoral) consecutive immediate breast reconstructions. All cases were tracked for a minimum of 2 years between 2016 and 2021.
resultsPrepectoral patients demonstrated an overall higher seroma rate (
conclusionsOur comparative analysis of consecutive immediate implant-based breast reconstructions finds prepectoral reconstruction to be safe and effective. Compared with subpectoral reconstruction, the prepectoral approach may offer quicker tissue expansion, less postoperative office visits, less need for muscle relaxants, and a shorter hospital stay with a comparable complication profile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.