ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
HBV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Tolerance in the Liver.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diverse Roles of Semaphorins on T Cell Activation, Differentiation, Migration, and Effector Functions.Cells · 2026Review
- Characteristics and immune dynamics of peripheral blood immune cells and cytokines in individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chronic Hepatitis B: Integrating Antiviral Effects and Immune Modulation in the Context of T Cell Exhaustion.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Differences and clinical significance of liver - kidney function parameters, inflammatory markers and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in patients with HBV - related acute - on - chronic liver failure.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic and preventive treatment on outcomes of hepatitis B virus induced chronic liver disease with a cost-effectiveness analysis.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- High antigen burden drives CD8+ T cell dysfunction in a mouse model of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Chronic Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Progression: From Steatosis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Clinical correlation and survival analysis of hepatitis B virus infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study of 1373 patients.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- USP21 is involved in the development of chronic hepatitis B by modulating the immune microenvironment.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Contradictory Mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B virus infection activation.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Based on Soluble Immune Checkpoints Constructing a Random Survival Forest Model to Predict the Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Circular RNAs: roles in hepatocellular carcinoma immune regulation, implications in immunotherapy, and prospects for clinical translation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Platelets as a potential new immune coordinator in T cell-mediated aplastic anemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- High Midkine Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Virological response and predictive factors for antiviral treatment in chronic HBV-related liver disease with low ALT and high HBV DNA.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Hepatitis B Virus-related Acute Liver Failure: Interplay of the Ferroptosis, Autophagy and Immune Responses.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis: Mechanisms, global variations, and treatment advances.World journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- The T-cell receptor β chain CDR3 insights of bovine liver immune repertoire under heat stress.Animal bioscience · 2024Article
- A therapeutic HBV vaccine containing a checkpoint modifier enhances CD8+ T cell and antiviral responses.JCI insight · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality through chronic hepatitis that may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The central role played by HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the clearance of acute HBV infection, and HBV-related liver injury is now well established. Vigorous, multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses are usually induced in most adult-onset HBV infections, while chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by quantitatively and qualitatively weak HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The molecular basis of this dichotomy is poorly understood. Genomic analysis of dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in CHB patients and various mouse models suggest that multifaceted mechanisms including negative signaling and metabolic abnormalities cooperatively establish CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Immunoregulatory cell populations in the liver, including liver resident dendritic cells (DCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), may contribute to intrahepatic CD8+ T cell dysfunction through the production of soluble mediators, such as arginase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and suppressive cytokines and the expression of co-inhibitory molecules. A series of recent studies with mouse models of HBV infection suggest that genetic and epigenetic changes in dysfunctional CD8+ T cells are the manifestation of prolonged antigenic stimulation, as well as the absence of co-stimulatory or cytokine signaling. These new findings may provide potential new targets for immunotherapy aiming at invigorating HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, which hopefully cures CHB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.