ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Immunotherapy for Dogs: Still Running Behind Humans.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy in Dogs.Viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Phase 2 trial (NCI-COTC030) of adjuvant inhaled recombinant human IL-15 combined with amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Characterization of Anti-Canine PD-1 Antibodies.Cells · 2026Article
- Metabolomic profiling and anti-tumor function of canine NK cells in tumor interaction.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Recent Issues in the Development and Application of Targeted Therapies with Respect to Individual Animal Variability.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- The development of metastatic meningioma in a canine patient post-immunotherapy case report.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Comparative oncology in action: vignettes on immunotherapy development.Veterinary oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Preliminary evaluation of the safety and feasibility of toll-like receptor ligand CB101 combined with hypofractionated radiation therapy in canine head and neck cancer: a pilot study.Veterinary oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Human immuno-therapeutics for cancer treatment of dogs?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Article
- Improved characterization and translation of NK cells for canine immunotherapy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Leveraging single-cell transcriptomic data to uncover immune suppressive cancer cell subsets in triple-negative canine breast cancers.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
- Potential Promises and Perils of Human Biological Treatments for Immunotherapy in Veterinary Oncology.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Defucosylated mouse‑dog chimeric anti‑HER2 monoclonal antibody exerts antitumor activities in mouse xenograft models of canine tumors.Oncology reports · 2022Article
- Safety and Efficacy of an Oncolytic Adenovirus as an Immunotherapy for Canine Cancer Patients.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Examination of IgG Fc Receptor CD16A and CD64 Expression by Canine Leukocytes and Their ADCC Activity in Engineered NK Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Canine melanoma: A review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite all good intentions, dogs are still running behind humans in effective cancer immunotherapies. The more effective treatments in humans, like infusions of CAR-T and NK-cells are not broadly pursued for canines due to significant costs, the rather complicated logistics and the lack of targetable surface antigens. Monoclonal antibodies are challenging to develop considering the limited knowledge about canine target antigens and about their mode of action. Although immunogenic vaccines could be less costly, this approach is hampered by the fact that cancer by itself is immuno-suppressive and any preceding chemotherapy may suppress any clinically meaningful immune response. This review - rather than providing a comprehensive listing of all available immunotherapies for dogs, aims at pointing out the issues that are holding back this field but which hopefully can be addressed so that dogs can "catch up" with what is available to humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.