Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34421643›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in physiology2021

The Role of Macrophages in Kidney Fibrosis.

Xiaoling Wang, Jianwei Chen, Jun Xu, Jun Xie, David C H Harris, Guoping Zheng

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. CCL5 mRNA-enriched small extracellular vesicles from renal tubular epithelial cells enhance macrophage inflammatory responses in diabetic nephropathy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. GPR183 contributes to renal macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in kidney injury.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Macrophages and TGFB signaling regulate fibrosis in theAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Amphiregulin in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Xiaoling WangShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Jianwei ChenCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jun XuDepartment of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Jun XieShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
David C H HarrisCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Guoping ZhengCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Shanxi Medical University · CNWestmead Institute for Medical Research · AUShanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine · CNUniversity of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity of macrophages confer on them complexed roles in the development and progression of kidney diseases. After kidney injury, bone marrow-derived monocytes are rapidly recruited to the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium. They are activated and differentiated on site into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which initiate Th1-type adaptive immune responses and damage normal tissues. In contrast, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages induce Th2-type immune responses, secrete large amounts of TGF-β and anti-inflammatory cytokines, transform into αSMA+ myofibroblasts in injured kidney, inhibit immune responses, and promote wound healing and tissue fibrosis. Previous studies on the role of macrophages in kidney fibrosis were mainly focused on inflammation-associated injury and injury repair. Apart from macrophage-secreted profibrotic cytokines, such as TGF-β, evidence for a direct contribution of macrophages to kidney fibrosis is lacking. However, under inflammatory conditions, Wnt ligands are derived mainly from macrophages and Wnt signaling is central in the network of multiple profibrotic pathways. Largely underinvestigated are the direct contribution of macrophages to profibrotic signaling pathways, macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity in relation to kidney fibrosis, and on their cross-talk with other cells in profibrotic signaling networks that cause fibrosis. Here we aim to provide an overview on the roles of macrophage phenotypic and functional diversity in their contribution to pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, and on the therapeutic potential of targeting macrophages for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.

Indexed as

fibrosismacrophagessignaling pathwaysTGF-βWnt

Identifiers

PMID34421643
PMCPMC8378534
OpenAlexW3188459170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.