Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34420381›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2021

Mapping between sound, brain and behaviour: four-level framework for understanding rhythm processing in humans and non-human primates.

Tomas Lenc, Hugo Merchant, Peter E Keller, Henkjan Honing, Manuel Varlet, Sylvie Nozaradan

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07647913 (Rhythm Psychophysics With Parkinson's Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07647913 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Rhythm Psychophysics With Parkinson's Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorMcMaster UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled34ConditionsParkinson Disease(PD)ArmsWithholding Levodopa
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Finding the groove in neural space.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  7. Behavior-Relevant Periodized Neural Representation of Acoustic But Not Tactile Rhythm in Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  11. Article
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  20. Pre-supplementary Motor Cortex Mediates Learning Transfer from Perceptual to Motor Timing.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tomas LencThe MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.
Hugo MerchantInstituto de Neurobiologia, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
Peter E KellerThe MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.
Henkjan HoningAmsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands.
Manuel VarletThe MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.
Sylvie NozaradanInstitute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Humans perceive and spontaneously move to one or several levels of periodic pulses (a meter, for short) when listening to musical rhythm, even when the sensory input does not provide prominent periodic cues to their temporal location. Here, we review a multi-levelled framework to understanding how external rhythmic inputs are mapped onto internally represented metric pulses. This mapping is studied using an approach to quantify and directly compare representations of metric pulses in signals corresponding to sensory inputs, neural activity and behaviour (typically body movement). Based on this approach, recent empirical evidence can be drawn together into a conceptual framework that unpacks the phenomenon of meter into four levels. Each level highlights specific functional processes that critically enable and shape the mapping from sensory input to internal meter. We discuss the nature, constraints and neural substrates of these processes, starting with fundamental mechanisms investigated in macaque monkeys that enable basic forms of mapping between simple rhythmic stimuli and internally represented metric pulse. We propose that human evolution has gradually built a robust and flexible system upon these fundamental processes, allowing more complex levels of mapping to emerge in musical behaviours. This approach opens promising avenues to understand the many facets of rhythmic behaviours across individuals and species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.

Indexed as

PeriodicityAcoustic StimulationAnimalsAuditory PerceptionBrainCuesHumansMacacaPrimatesfrequency-taggingmappingmusical meterneurophysiologyrhythmtransformation

Identifiers

PMID34420381
PMCPMC8380981

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.