ArticleBone & joint open2021
Cost-effectiveness of surgical treatments compared with early structured physiotherapy in secondary care for adults with primary frozen shoulder : an economic evaluation of the UK FROST trial.
Article in Bone & joint open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07227662 (Feasibility, Usability and Preliminary Efficacy of Home-based FES Fro Adhesive Capsulitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility, Usability and Preliminary Efficacy of Home-based FES Fro Adhesive Capsulitis
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arthroscopic Capsular Release Versus Manipulation under Anesthesia for Refractory Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Mobile App-Guided Home Exercise Versus Conventional Pamphlet-Based Instruction After Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: A Pilot Randomized Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Manipulation under anesthesia for posttraumatic elbow stiffness: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CORR Insights®: Releasing Forces in Adhesive Capsulitis Are Important Indicators of Shoulder Stiffness and Postoperative Function.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025Article
- Economic Evaluations of Rehabilitation Interventions: A Scoping Review with Implications for Return to Work Programs.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Poor reporting quality and high proportion of missing data in economic evaluations alongside pragmatic trials: a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Functional results of Circumferential Capsular Release in adhesive shoulder capsulitis. Comparative study of patients over and under fifty years of age.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Article
- TREATMENT OF ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS WITH THE TRIPLE PROCEDURE: INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTION WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS, HYDRODILATION AND SHOULDER MANIPULATION UNDER SEDATION.Acta ortopedica brasileira · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsA pragmatic multicentre randomized controlled trial, UK FROzen Shoulder Trial (UK FROST), was conducted in the UK NHS comparing the cost-effectiveness of commonly used treatments for adults with primary frozen shoulder in secondary care.
methodsA cost utility analysis from the NHS perspective was performed. Differences between manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA), arthroscopic capsular release (ACR), and early structured physiotherapy plus steroid injection (ESP) in costs (2018 GBP price base) and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) at one year were used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the treatments using regression methods.
resultsACR was £1,734 more costly than ESP ((95% confidence intervals (CIs) £1,529 to £1,938)) and £1,457 more costly than MUA (95% CI £1,283 to £1,632). MUA was £276 (95% CI £66 to £487) more expensive than ESP. Overall, ACR had worse QALYs compared with MUA (-0.0293; 95% CI -0.0616 to 0.0030) and MUA had better QALYs compared with ESP (0.0396; 95% CI -0.0008 to 0.0800). At a £20,000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold, MUA had the highest probability of being cost-effective (0.8632) then ESP (0.1366) and ACR (0.0002). The results were robust to sensitivity analyses.
conclusionWhile ESP was less costly, MUA was the most cost-effective option. ACR was not cost-effective. Cite this article:
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.