ReviewContact dermatitis2021
Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors.
Review in Contact dermatitis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Common variants in toll-like receptor family genes and risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Low serum immunoglobulin levels in pediatric atopic dermatitis: association with disease severity and exploratory scores.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effects of Common Food Additives Kappa-, Iota- and Lambda-Carrageenans on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activation and Barrier Disruption.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- The Impact of the Exposome on Epithelial Barriers: New Approach Methodologies for Translational Research.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Distinct Roles of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 in Human Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Atopic Dermatitis.Allergy · 2026Article
- Emerging molecular and environmental biomarkers of shrimp allergy in African Americans in the US.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Tissue-resident memory T cells in atopic dermatitis: mechanisms of residual inflammation, relapse, and therapeutic persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Platelet-rich therapies in cutaneous and mucocutaneous disorders characterized by inflammatory tissue responses: mechanistic insights and clinical evidence.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The Environmental Determinants of Skin Health: Linking Climate Change, Air Pollution, and the Dermatologic Disease Burden.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- The epithelial barrier theory proposes a comprehensive explanation for the origins of allergic and other chronic noncommunicable diseases.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- From Tears to Toxins: Mapping Antibiotic Passage Through the Eye-Liver Axis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Allergic-related skin diseases: Global disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and future trends.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Populations of Slum Areas: Navigating Challenges and Dynamics of Immune Responses.Current pediatric reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Lifestyle Changes and Industrialization in the Development of Allergic Diseases.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Forsythiaside A alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in lung and colon through PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "epithelial barrier hypothesis" proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier-damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown that industrial products disrupt the epithelial barriers. Innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in epithelial barrier damage. In addition, recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the atopic march by allergen sensitization through the transcutaneous route. It is evident that external factors interact with the immune system, triggering a cascade of complex reactions that damage the epithelial barrier. Epigenetic and microbiome changes modulate the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Robust and simple measurements of the skin barrier dysfunction at the point-of-care are of significant value as a biomarker, as recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy to directly measure barrier defects. Understanding epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanism is key to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by environmental factors that contribute to the dysregulation of epithelial barrier function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.