Trial reportThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2021
Vaccination of human participants with attenuated Necator americanus hookworm larvae and human challenge in Australia: a dose-finding study and randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.
Trial report in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Na-GST-1 adsorbed on Alhydrogel co-administered with different Toll-like receptor agonists in hookworm-naive adults using a controlled human infection model in the USA: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Advances in vaccine development through the controlled human infection models for hookworm and schistosomiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Chromosome-ContiguousInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Controlled human malaria infection: overview and potential application in the evaluation of transmission-blocking interventions in malaria-endemic areas.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Helminth infections affect host immune responses to viral infections and vaccines.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Clinical challenges and technological breakthroughs in helminthic therapy for diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Altering the intracellular trafficking of Necator americanus GST-1 antigen yields novel hookworm mRNA vaccine candidates.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Reverse vaccinology for hookworms: a rational selection of vaccinable antigens against parasitic nematodes.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Symptoms and adverse events in controlled human infection models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Astacin metalloproteases in human-parasitic nematodes.Advances in parasitology · 2024Review
- Soil-transmitted helminths: A critical review of the impact of co-infections and implications for control and elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Identification of broadly-conserved parasitic nematode proteins that activate immunity.Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Article
- The production of Necator americanus larvae for use in experimental human infection.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Therapeutic and Diagnostic Innovation for Parasitology: Grand Challenges.Frontiers in parasitology · 2022Article
- Worms and bugs of the gut: the search for diagnostic signatures using barcoding, and metagenomics-metabolomics.Parasites & vectors · 2022Review
- Transgenesis in parasitic helminths: a brief history and prospects for the future.Parasites & vectors · 2022Review
- Frontiers in Parasitology Grand Challenge.Frontiers in parasitology · 2022Article
- The Fight Against Severe COVID-19: Can Parasitic Worms Contribute?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Not All Worms Were Created Equal.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundControl of human hookworm infection would be greatly aided by the development of an effective vaccine. We aimed to develop a live attenuated human hookworm vaccine.
methodsThis was a two-part clinical trial done at Q-Pharm in Brisbane (QLD, Australia) using a live ultraviolet C (UVC)-attenuated Necator americanus larvae vaccine. Part one was an open-label, dose-finding study using 50 L3 larvae suspended in water to a volume of 200 μL, attenuated with UVC exposure of 700 μJ (L3-700) or 1000 μJ (L3-1000). Part two was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, challenge study, in which participants were randomly assigned 2:1 to the vaccine group or placebo group. Healthy hookworm-naive adults aged 18-65 years with body-mass index 18-35 kg/m
findingsBetween Sept 19, 2017, and Oct 24, 2018, seven participants were enrolled into three cohorts in part one (two participants in cohort 1, who received L3-700; two participants in cohort 2, who received L3-700; and three participants in cohort 3, who received L3-1000) and a further 15 were enrolled into part two. There were no serious adverse events in part one or part two. In part one, a greater number of skin penetration sites were observed after administration of L3-700 than L3-1000 (mean 15·75 [95% CI 11·18 to 20·32] with L3-700 vs 4·33 [-1·40 to 10·07] with L3-1000). Similarly, greater erythema (median 225 mm
interpretationVaccination with UVC-attenuated N americanus larvae is well tolerated, induces humoral and cellular responses to hookworm antigens, and reduces larval output after challenge with unattenuated larvae. Larger studies are required to confirm protective efficacy.
fundingNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.