ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021
Emotional adaptation during a crisis: decline in anxiety and depression after the initial weeks of COVID-19 in the United States.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Cognitive Function in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The global evolution of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Role of social determinants in anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of adults in North Carolina and Massachusetts.Behaviour research and therapy · 2022Trial
- Trends in psychological distress among US adults before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional analysis, 2017-2024.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Mental health experiences and help-seeking behaviors among Chinese psychiatric nurses: a descriptive qualitative study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Mental health, coping strategies, and help-seeking behaviour during the ongoing war in Ukraine: a cross-sectional study.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- The relationship between financial disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults: the MYHAT study.Aging & mental health · 2025Article
- Assessment of PBC Pruritus From the ITCH-E Study: Quality of Life, Productivity, and Treatment Experiences.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Anxiety Symptom Severity and Implicit and Explicit Self-As-Anxious Associations in a Large Online Sample of U.S. Adults: Trends From 2011 to 2022.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Chronic disease patients during the armed conflict in Sudan: a cross-sectional study on mental health and quality of life.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Social avoidance can be quantified as navigation in abstract social space.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Anxiety and perceived social support as moderators of cognitive and emotional well-being in populations affected by COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Latent classes of resilience in a nationwide sample of US adults during COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Motivational and behavioral mechanisms underlying generalized health risking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in smokers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risk for diagnosis or treatment of mood or anxiety disorders in adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2020-2022.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Temporal dynamics of socioeconomic inequalities in depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Anxious and Angry: Early Emotional Adaptation of Medical Students in a Situational Crisis on the Example of the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19-Related Stressors and Clinical Mental Health Symptoms in a Northeast US Sample.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic are known to exacerbate depression and anxiety, though their temporal trajectories remain under-investigated. The present study aims to investigate fluctuations in depression and anxiety using the COVID-19 pandemic as a model crisis. A total of 1512 adults living in the United States enrolled in this online study beginning April 2, 2020 and were assessed weekly for 10 weeks (until June 4, 2020). We measured depression and anxiety using the Zung Self-Rating Depression scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (state subscale), respectively, along with demographic and COVID-related surveys. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine factors contributing to longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety. We found that depression and anxiety levels were high in early April, but declined over time. Being female, younger age, lower-income, and previous psychiatric diagnosis correlated with higher overall levels of anxiety and depression; being married additionally correlated with lower overall levels of depression, but not anxiety. Importantly, worsening of COVID-related economic impact and increase in projected pandemic duration exacerbated both depression and anxiety over time. Finally, increasing levels of informedness correlated with decreasing levels of depression, while increased COVID-19 severity (i.e., 7-day change in cases) and social media use were positively associated with anxiety over time. These findings not only provide evidence for overall emotional adaptation during the initial weeks of the pandemic, but also provide insight into overlapping, yet distinct, factors contributing to depression and anxiety throughout the first wave of the pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.