ArticleBMJ open2021
''Those who do not vaccinate don't love themselves, or anyone else'': a qualitative study of views and attitudes of urban pregnant women towards maternal immunisation in Panama.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccine preferences and their role for vaccine confidence and uptake: a meta-ethnography.Global health action · 2026Pooled it
- Facilitators and barriers to vaccination uptake in pregnancy: A qualitative systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators to vaccination in Latin America: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Immunization strategies against respiratory syncytial virus in Panama: considerations for decision-making in a tropical country-a working group meeting report.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Attitude to RSV Vaccination Among a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo identify pregnant women's views and attitudes towards maternal immunisation in Panama based on in-depth interviews and focus groups.
settingTwo main urban centres in Panama (San Miguelito and Panama City).
participantsFifty-six pregnant women from Panama City (n=29) and San Miguelito (n=27).
methodsIn-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a deductive-inductive approach.
resultsOur findings suggest that this population perceives vaccination as a key component of maternal healthcare, not an elective part of it. The pregnant women interviewed disclosed a heightened perception of vulnerability to infectious diseases. For this reason, safety and effectiveness of maternal vaccines were closely associated for many participants (a vaccine was perceived as safe if it was effective against disease). Refusal of maternal vaccination was strongly associated with parental negligence. Participants reported the participation of husbands and partners in the decision-making around their health. Most participants reported high information-seeking behaviour, particularly online; many interviewees confirmed any information obtained online with their healthcare professionals (HCPs). Vaccine recommendations from HCPs appeared to be one of the main predictors of maternal immunisations among the sample interviewed. While acceptability of maternal vaccines was high in this sample, some pregnant women expressed concerns and doubts (e.g., that maternal vaccines could cause miscarriages) which require attention. Finally, many participants reported difficulties in accessing maternal vaccination, pointing to financial and physical barriers.
conclusionsThe acceptability of maternal immunisation was high among the interviewed women. The pregnant women's receptiveness to maternal vaccinations, even when information provided was limited, is suggestive of high levels of trust in HCPs. Even so, HCPs and health officials should remain alert to apprehensions expressed by pregnant women. Many participants reported struggles in accessing maternal vaccination, pointing to issues that merit further examination.
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