SynthesisAmerican journal of human genetics2021
Robust genetic nurture effects on education: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on 38,654 families across 8 cohorts.
Synthesis in American journal of human genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cross-National and Cross-Generational Evidence That Educational Attainment May Slow the Pace of Aging in European-Descent Individuals.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Common and rare genetic variant associations with cognitive performance across development in British birth cohorts.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Indirect genetic effects of siblings.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Separating direct, indirect, and parent-of-origin genetic effects in the human population.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Ethical Priorities Among Commercial Genomics Professionals : Survey Evidence Highlighting Diversity, Fragmented Privacy Law, and Human Rights Risks as Central Participant Concerns.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026Article
- Indirect Genetic Effects on Alcohol Use Disorder and Nicotine Dependence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Within- and between-family genetic effects on educational achievement vary across countries and ages.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The influence of genetic factors on education health and care plan obtainment for pupils with intellectual developmental disabilities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evocative effects of children's education-associated genetics on maternal parenting: results from the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Genetic associations with education have increased and are patterned by socioeconomic context: Evidence from 3 studies born 1946-1970.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Power to Resolve Cultural Transmission and Sibling Interaction Using Polygenic Scores.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Genetic associations with educational fields.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- In the genetics of the beholder: gene-environment interplay for internalising and externalising behaviours using polygenic scores and adolescent perceptions of parenting.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetic nurture effects in depressive and anxiety disorders and symptoms, and in related traits.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Separating direct, indirect and parent-of-origin genetic effects in the human population.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intergenerational transmission of complex traits and the offspring methylome.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Using twin-pairs to assess potential bias in polygenic prediction of externalising behaviours across development.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Raising the Floor? Genetic Influences on Educational Attainment Through the Lens of the Evolving Swedish Welfare State.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Family-based genome-wide association study designs for increased power and robustness.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Intergenerational transmission of polygenic predisposition for neuropsychiatric traits on emotional and behavioural difficulties in childhood.Nature communications · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Similarities between parents and offspring arise from nature and nurture. Beyond this simple dichotomy, recent genomic studies have uncovered "genetic nurture" effects, whereby parental genotypes influence offspring outcomes via environmental pathways rather than genetic transmission. Such genetic nurture effects also need to be accounted for to accurately estimate "direct" genetic effects (i.e., genetic effects on a trait originating in the offspring). Empirical studies have indicated that genetic nurture effects are particularly relevant to the intergenerational transmission of risk for child educational outcomes, which are, in turn, associated with major psychological and health milestones throughout the life course. These findings have yet to be systematically appraised across contexts. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify genetic nurture effects on educational outcomes. A total of 12 studies comprising 38,654 distinct parent(s)-offspring pairs or trios from 8 cohorts reported 22 estimates of genetic nurture effects. Genetic nurture effects on offspring's educational outcomes (β
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.