Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Change in Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat and the Effect on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Transgender Hormone Therapy.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body mass index and body composition changes in transgender people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-osteoporosis treatments changed body composition in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Sex Steroids Regulate Liver Fat Content and Body Fat Distribution in Both Men and Women: A Study in Transgender Persons.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of TESTOPEAKAmerican journal of men's healthTrial
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Issues Associated with Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review Relevant to Community Pharmacy Practice.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nutritional Monitoring During Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Body Composition and Metabolic Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Visceral adipose tissue and liver fat on 17-beta estradiol-dominant gender-affirming hormone therapy: A US-based cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Testosterone and cancers: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Changes in uric acid metabolism and associated plasma proteomics during sex hormone therapy.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2026Article
- Testosterone therapy effects adipose distribution in older females post hip-fracture: The STEP-HI study.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
- Effect of anti-androgens on body composition in transgender people: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Feminizing hormone therapy using GnRH agonists as antiandrogens is not associated with adverse metabolic and bone effects in adult transgender women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Body composition following gender affirming hormone therapy in transgender individuals.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Observational
- The association between new insulin resistance indices and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Association of the inflammatory burden index with the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy: effects on cardiovascular risk and vascular function.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Transgender healthcare: metabolic outcomes and cardiovascular risk.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Adipokine secretion and lipolysis following gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionExcess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the ratio of visceral fat to total body fat (VAT/TBF) and their associations with changes in lipids and insulin resistance after 1 year of hormone therapy in trans persons.
methodsIn 179 trans women and 162 trans men, changes in total body and visceral fat estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 1 year of hormone therapy were related to lipids and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] with linear regression analysis.
resultsIn trans women, total body fat increased by 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.4, 4.7), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (-2 grams; 95% CI -15, 11), albeit with a large range from -318 to 281, resulting in a decrease in the VAT/TBF ratio of 17% (95% CI 15, 19). In trans men, total body fat decreased with 2.8 kg (95% CI 2.2, 3.5), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (3 g; 95% CI -10, 16; range -372, 311), increasing the VAT/TBF ratio by 14% (95% CI 10, 17). In both groups, VAT/TBF was not associated with changes in blood lipids or HOMA-IR.
conclusionsHormone therapy in trans women and trans men resulted in changes in VAT/TBF, mainly due to changes in total body fat and were unrelated to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests that any unfavorable cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapy are not mediated by changes in visceral fat or VAT/TBF.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.