ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021
The Protective Effect of Metformin Use on Early Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracapsular metformin bioactivity and its role in posterior capsule opacification.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Photothermal and cascade ROS generative multilayer as intraocular lens surface coating for effective posterior capsular opacification inhibition.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Strategies for Cataract Management: From Molecular Targets to Clinical Translation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Promising Pharmacological Interventions for Posterior Capsule Opacification: A Review.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2024Review
- GDF-15 Attenuates the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition and Alleviates TGFβ2-Induced Lens Opacity.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Long Non-Coding RNACells · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of metformin on early Nd:YAG laser treatment for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and to explore a molecular mechanism to explain a possible protective effect of metformin against PCO. Methods: We conducted: 1) a retrospective cohort study of patient eyes undergoing phacoemulsification at our institution; and 2) laboratory investigation of the effect of metformin on the behavior of lens epithelial cells in the context of an animal model for PCO. Population-averaged Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate risk for time to Nd:YAG. For laboratory studies, expression of markers for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) implicated in PCO pathogenesis was measured in tissue culture and following extracapsular lens extraction in a mouse model. Results: The rate of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was 13.1% among the 9798 eyes. Both metformin use and diabetes were protective factors for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in univariate analysis. However, in multivariable analysis with nondiabetics as the reference group, only metformin use among diabetics was significantly protective of Nd:YAG (hazard ratio: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54-0.85, P = 0.0008), while eyes of patients with diabetes without metformin use did not significantly differ (P = 0.5026). Treatment of lens epithelial cells with metformin reduced the level of the EMT markers ⍺-SMA and pERK induced by TGF-β2. Similarly, metformin treatment reduced ⍺-SMA expression in lens epithelial cells following extracapsular lens extraction in a mouse model. Conclusions: The protective effect of metformin against early Nd:YAG may relate to its ability to downregulate EMT in residual lens epithelial cells that otherwise trend toward myofibroblast development and PCO.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.