ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Imprecise recombinant viruses evolve via a fitness-driven, iterative process of polymerase template-switching events.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the complexity of PRRSV-2 recombination: recombination frequency, replication efficiency, and backbone fitness define highly recombinogenic backbone and evolutionary bottlenecks.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Emergence and spread of multirecombinant enterovirus A71 lineages C1.3/RF5 and C1.3/RF6 associated with neurological diseases in Europe, 2016-2022, ENPEN multicentre study.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Enterovirus C recombination groups: RNA sequence similarity and the viral polymerase underpin sexual replication mechanisms.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A general and biomedical perspective of viral quasispecies.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- A review of the recombination events, mechanisms and consequences of Coxsackievirus A6.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
- Reply to Qu et al., "Quasispecies are constantly selected through virus-encoded intracellular reproductive population bottlenecking".Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Quasispecies productivity.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2024Article
- Uncovering Structural Plasticity ofResearch square · 2024Article
- RNA recombination: non-negligible factor for preventing emergence or reemergence of Senecavirus A.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Puzzles, challenges, and information reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies.Journal of virology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Potential In Vitro Recombination Events in Codon Deoptimized FMDV Strains.Viruses · 2023Article
- Heterologous RNA Recombination in the Cystoviruses φ6 and φ8: A Mechanism of Viral Variation and Genome Repair.Viruses · 2022Review
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Interserotypic Recombination in Superinfected Carrier Cattle.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Generated Randomly and Selected Functionally? The Nature of Enterovirus Recombination.Viruses · 2022Article
- Recombination in Positive-Strand RNA Viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Isolation and Identification of Inter-SpeciesViruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Tiled-ClickSeq for targeted sequencing of complete coronavirus genomes with simultaneous capture of RNA recombination and minority variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recombination is a common feature of many positive-strand RNA viruses, playing an important role in virus evolution. However, to date, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms behind the process. Utilising in vitro assays, we have previously shown that the template-switching event of recombination is a random and ubiquitous process that often leads to recombinant viruses with imprecise genomes containing sequence duplications. Subsequently, a process termed resolution, that has yet to be mechanistically studied, removes these duplicated sequences resulting in a virus population of wild type length genomes. Using defined imprecise recombinant viruses together with Oxford Nanopore and Illumina high throughput next generation sequencing technologies we have investigated the process of resolution. We show that genome resolution involves subsequent rounds of template-switching recombination with viral fitness resulting in the survival of a small subset of recombinant genomes. This alters our previously held understanding that recombination and resolution are independent steps of the process, and instead demonstrates that viruses undergo frequent and continuous recombination events over a prolonged period until the fittest viruses, predominantly those with wild type length genomes, dominate the population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.