Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34415566›Full record

ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2022

Recent advances in porous microneedles: materials, fabrication, and transdermal applications.

Leilei Bao, Jongho Park, Gwenaël Bonfante, Beomjoon Kim

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Microneedle-Assisted Cell Delivery and Therapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Construction and applications of exosome-microneedle integrated systems.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Motion artifact-controlled micro-brain sensors between hair follicles for persistent augmented reality brain-computer interfaces.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Leilei BaoInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Jongho ParkInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gwenaël BonfanteLIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Beomjoon KimInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. bjoonkim@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp.ORCID 0000-0001-9565-299X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the past two decades, microneedles (MNs), as a painless and simple drug delivery system, have received increasing attention for various biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, and biosensing. Among the various types of MNs, porous MNs have been recently researched owing to their distinctive and unique characteristics, where porous structures inside MNs with continuous nano- or micro-sized pores can transport drugs or biofluids by capillary action. In addition, a wide range of materials, including non-polymers and polymers, were researched and used to form the porous structures of porous MNs. Adjustable porosity by different fabrication methods enables the achievement of sufficient mechanical strength by optimising fluid flows inside MNs. Moreover, biocompatible porous MNs integrated with biosensors can offer portable detection and rapid measurement of biomarkers in a minimally invasive manner. This review focuses on several aspects of current porous MN technology, including material selection, fabrication processes, biomedical applications, primarily covering transdermal drug delivery, ISF extraction, and biosensing, along with future prospects as well as challenges.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsNeedlesAdministration, CutaneousPolymersPorosityPolymers

Identifiers

PMID34415566
PMCPMC8724174

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.