Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34415363›Full record

ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2022

Discontinuation and loss to follow-up rates in clinical trials of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections.

Tatiana R Rosenblatt, Nadim Rayess, Ahmad Al-Moujahed, Rahul N Khurana, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 87% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Nonadherence to anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in patients with diabetic macular edema : The names of the authors.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
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  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Tatiana R RosenblattDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-405X
Nadim RayessDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Ahmad Al-MoujahedDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Rahul N KhuranaCalifornia Retina Vitreous Associates, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Prithvi MruthyunjayaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. prithvi9@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-9736
Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute · USRetina Vitreous Associates Medical Group · USStanford Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeClinical trials are often designed to include homogenous, highly specific patient populations with many resources to reduce patient dropout. Results may not translate to real-world settings. We evaluated discontinuation and loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates in clinical trials of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections for diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

methodsRetrospective meta-epidemiological study. The authors queried ClinicalTrials.gov for all completed trials of anti-VEGF injections for DME, AMD, or RVO. Of 658 trials identified, 582 were excluded for being non-interventional, <100 patients, terminating early, or missing study results. The remaining 76 trials of 27,823 patients were analyzed for discontinuation and LTFU rates.

resultsMean discontinuation rate was 12.44% (SD 8.12%, range 0-54.12%), with higher rates among control (18.87%) than treatment arms (10.78%, p = .006). Mean LTFU rate was 1.84% (SD 1.78%, range 0-7.76%), with no differences by disease, treatment type, or treatment frequency.

conclusionDiscontinuation rates of major intravitreal anti-VEGF clinical trials were highly variable, suggesting even trials struggle with overall patient retention. Though trial LTFU rates were low, real-world outcomes may differ due to higher reported LTFU rates, which should be considered when extrapolating trial results to clinical practice.

Indexed as

Diabetic RetinopathyMacular EdemaRetinal Vein OcclusionAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabFollow-Up StudiesHumansIntravitreal InjectionsRanibizumabRetrospective StudiesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabRanibizumabVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAge-related macular degenerationAnti-vascular endothelial growth factorClinical trialDiabetic macular edemaDiscontinuation rateLoss to follow-upRetinal vein occlusion

Identifiers

PMID34415363
OpenAlexW3181791299

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.