ArticleMed (New York, N.Y.)2021
Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens.
Article in Med (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does potential antibody-dependent enhancement occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection after natural infection or vaccination? A meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Overcoming sensitivity limitations in lateral flow immunoassays for small-molecule detection: from tracer engineering to assay format innovation.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Immune Priming and the Risk of COVID-19, Influenza, and Other Acute Respiratory Infections: Insights From an N3C Cohort.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of the MMR Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 Among Healthcare Workers.Viruses · 2025Article
- The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Advances in neoantigen-based immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Developing Correlates of Protection for Vaccines Is Needed More than Ever-Influenza, COVID-19 and RSV Infection.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Common cold viruses circulating in children threaten wild chimpanzees through asymptomatic adult carriers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Influence of Cross-Reactive T Cells in COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Analysis of Measles and Rubella Immunoglobulin G Titers in COVID-19 Patients.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Tetanus-diphtheria vaccine can prime SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Associations of adaptive immune cell subsets with measles, mumps, and Rubella-Specific immune response outcomes.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Are Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Antibodies Friends or Foes for Covid-19 Disease?Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2023Article
- The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Clinical features of COVID-19 in Italian outpatient children and adolescents during Parental, Delta, and Omicron waves: a prospective, observational, cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Identification of TCR repertoires in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients by single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing.Blood cells, molecules & diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundT cells control viral infection, promote vaccine durability, and in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associate with mild disease. We investigated whether prior measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccination elicits cross-reactive T cells that mitigate COVID-19.
methodsAntigen-presenting cells (APC) loaded
findingsHigh correlation was observed between T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (spike-S1 and nucleocapsid) and MMR and Tdap proteins in COVID-19-convalescent and -vaccinated individuals. The overlapping T cell population contained an effector memory T cell subset (effector memory re-expressing CD45RA on T cells [T
conclusionsTdap and MMR memory T cells reactivated by SARS-CoV-2 may provide protection against severe COVID-19.
fundingThis study was supported by a National Institutes of Health (R01HL065095, R01AI152522, R01NS097719) donation from Barbara and Amos Hostetter and the Chleck Foundation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.