Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34414359›Full record

ArticlePsychiatric research and clinical practice2021

Consensus Statement on Ethical & Safety Practices for Conducting Digital Monitoring Studies with People at Risk of Suicide and Related Behaviors.

Matthew K Nock, Evan M Kleiman, Melissa Abraham, Kate H Bentley, David A Brent, Ralph J Buonopane, Franckie Castro-Ramirez, Christine B Cha, Walter Dempsey, John Draper and 18 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatric research and clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Modeling the reciprocal dynamic between alcohol and suicide urges among college students: Ecological momentary assessment study.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Reducing the 'Silence Between Sessions': A Qualitative Study on Youth and Professionals' Perspectives on Digital Tools for Suicide Prevention.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. 'Consider a Less Risky Alternative': Navigating Ethics Approval in Suicide Research.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Matthew K NockDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Evan M KleimanDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Melissa AbrahamDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Kate H BentleyDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
David A BrentDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Ralph J BuonopaneDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Franckie Castro-RamirezDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Christine B ChaDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Walter DempseyDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
John DraperDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Catherine R GlennDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Jill Harkavy-FriedmanDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Michael R HollanderDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Jeffrey C HuffmanDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Hye In S LeeDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Alexander J MillnerDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
David MouDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Jukka-Pekka OnnelaDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Rosalind W PicardDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Heather M QuayDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Osiris RankinDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Shannon SewardsDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
John TorousDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Joan WheelisDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Ursula WhitesideDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Galia SiegelDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Anna E OrdóñezDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.
Jane L PearsonDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Nock, Bentley, Castro-Ramirez, Lee, Millner, Mou, Rankin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Abraham, Bentley, Huffman, Mou); Franciscan Children's, Boston, Massachusetts (Nock, Buonopane, Millner); Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Kleiman); Department of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Ethics Consultation Unit, Boston, Massachusetts (Abraham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Brent); Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York (Cha); Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dempsey); National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, vibrant Emotional Health, New York, New York (Draper); Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Glenn); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York (Harkavy-Friedman); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Hollander, Wheelis); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Onnela); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Picard); Harvard University, Office of the General Counsel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Quay); Department of IRB Administration, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Sewards); Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Torous); University of Washington, Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Seattle, Washington (Whiteside); National Institute of Mental Health, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Siegel, Ordóñez); National Institute of Mental Health, Special Advisor to the Director on Suicide Research, Bethesda, Maryland (Pearson). National Suicide Prevention.

Funding

Novel Methods for Intensive Longitudinal Data in SMART Studies of Drug Abuse and HIVR01DA039901 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ALMIRALL, DANIEL, NAHUM-SHANI, INBAL BILLIE · 2015 to 2024
$5.4M
Intensive longitudinal study of suicidal behaviors and related health outcomesU01MH116928 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI NOCK, MATTHEW K · 2018 to 2022
$4.3M
Digital Monitoring of Agitation for Short-Term Suicide Risk PredictionK23MH120436 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BENTLEY, KATE H. · 2019 to 2024
$1.0M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA039901NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH120436NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH116928
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDigital monitoring technologies (e.g., smart-phones and wearable devices) provide unprecedented opportunities to study potentially harmful behaviors such as suicide, violence, and alcohol/substance use in real-time. The use of these new technologies has the potential to significantly advance the understanding, prediction, and prevention of these behaviors. However, such technologies also introduce myriad ethical and safety concerns, such as deciding when and how to intervene if a participant's responses indicate elevated risk during the study?

methodsWe used a modified Delphi process to develop a consensus among a diverse panel of experts on the ethical and safety practices for conducting digital monitoring studies with those at risk for suicide and related behaviors. Twenty-four experts including scientists, clinicians, ethicists, legal experts, and those with lived experience provided input into an iterative, multi-stage survey, and discussion process.

resultsConsensus was reached on multiple aspects of such studies, including: inclusion criteria, informed consent elements, technical and safety procedures, data review practices during the study, responding to various levels of participant risk in real-time, and data and safety monitoring.

conclusionsThis consensus statement provides guidance for researchers, funding agencies, and institutional review boards regarding expert views on current best practices for conducting digital monitoring studies with those at risk for suicide-with relevance to the study of a range of other potentially harmful behaviors (e.g., alcohol/substance use and violence). This statement also highlights areas in which more data are needed before consensus can be reached regarding best ethical and safety practices for digital monitoring studies.

Identifiers

PMID34414359
PMCPMC8372411

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