ArticleEuropean stroke journal2021
European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis.
Article in European stroke journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05980195 (Cognitive Improvement After cARotid stEnting in HyperBaric Oxygen Therapy Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cognitive Improvement After cARotid stEnting in HyperBaric Oxygen Therapy Trial (CARE-HBOT)
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 305 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative safety and efficacy of invasive therapies for carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Carotid near-occlusion diagnostics and its consequences: A systematic review.European stroke journal · 2026Pooled it
- Flying blind? Recommendations for monitoring of 10 common chronic diseases in guidelines from Germany, England, and Europe - a modified systematic review.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- FGF-23 as a Biomarker for Carotid Plaque Vulnerability: A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in Primordial, Primary, and Secondary Prevention of Stroke in Diverse Populations.Stroke · 2024Pooled it
- CIRSE Standards of Practice on Carotid Artery Stenting.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- Drug-coated Balloons in the Neurovascular Setting: A Comprehensive, Systematic Review of Current Use and Indications.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of aspirin in patients with established asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Management of extracranial carotid artery stenosis during endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke: results from the MR CLEAN Registry.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2023Trial
- Impact of preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy vs. aspirin monotherapy on perioperative outcomes in carotid endarterectomy patients: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Bone morphogenetic protein 10 and one-year outcomes after open revascularisation in symptomatic peripheral arterial disease or carotid stenosis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Carotid Revascularization in the Era of Modern Medical Therapy: Is Urgency Still Justified?Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Vector Flow Imaging for Carotid Artery Stenosis Assessment: A Scoping Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gene expression profiles of carotid plaques differ between patients with amaurosis fugax and those with cerebral transient ischaemic attack or stroke.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Article
- Short-term risk of recurrent stroke in symptomatic carotid near-occlusion: pooled analysis of three cohort studies.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Outcomes Following Carotid Artery Stenting for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Non-stenotic Carotid Disease: Review of the Literature and Case Discussion of TCAR for Treatment.Seminars in neurology · 2026Review
- Risk of cardiovascular events and death following retinal arterial occlusion and transient monocular visual loss.Scientific reports · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 13 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery is an important cause of stroke. The aim of this guideline is to analyse the evidence pertaining to medical, surgical and endovascular treatment of patients with carotid stenosis. These guidelines were developed based on the ESO standard operating procedure and followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The working group identified relevant questions, performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and wrote recommendations. Based on moderate quality evidence, we recommend carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with ≥60-99% asymptomatic carotid stenosis considered to be at increased risk of stroke on best medical treatment (BMT) alone. We also recommend CEA for patients with ≥70-99% symptomatic stenosis, and we suggest CEA for patients with 50-69% symptomatic stenosis. Based on high quality evidence, we recommend CEA should be performed early, ideally within two weeks of the last retinal or cerebral ischaemic event in patients with ≥50-99% symptomatic stenosis. Based on low quality evidence, carotid artery stenting (CAS) may be considered in patients < 70 years old with symptomatic ≥50-99% carotid stenosis. Several randomised trials supporting these recommendations were started decades ago, and BMT, CEA and CAS have evolved since. The results of another large trial comparing outcomes after CAS versus CEA in patients with asymptomatic stenosis are anticipated in the near future. Further trials are needed to reassess the benefits of carotid revascularisation in combination with modern BMT in subgroups of patients with carotid stenosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.