ArticleEuropean stroke journal2021
Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker associated with hemorrhagic transformation in the WAKE-UP trial.
Article in European stroke journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker and gadolinium leakage in ocular structures in stroke: a systematic review.Neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of FLAIR Positivity and Worse Outcomes After Intravenous Thrombolysis in Known-Onset Strokes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Poor venous outflow is associated with hyperintense acute reperfusion marker on follow-up MRI in patients with acute ischemic stroke with a large vessel occlusion.Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2025Article
- Blood-brain barrier disruption mediates the association between cerebral small vessel disease and clinical outcome after stroke: a secondary analysis of the Lesion Evolution in Stroke and Ischemia on Neuroimaging study.Frontiers in stroke · 2024Article
- Imaging Indicators for Parenchymal Hemorrhage After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- The Clinical Significance of the Hyperintense Acute Reperfusion Marker Sign in Subacute Infarction Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) is an indicator of early disruption of the blood-brain-barrier. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of HARM in patients with a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) - fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch and determine the association between this marker and hemorrhagic complications as well as clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe included patients from the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke (WAKE-UP) trial who underwent baseline perfusion weighted imaging (PWI). HARM was defined as a hyperintense signal in the cerebrospinal fluid space on FLAIR imaging at 24 h after baseline imaging. We compared baseline characteristics in patients with and without HARM and investigated the association between HARM and any hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) in a multivariate logistic regression. We also explored HARM as an independent predictor of poor outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 3-6 at 90 days.
resultsHARM was present in 14 of 223 (6%) patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch and baseline characteristics were similar in patients with vs without HARM. HARM showed an independent relationship with any HT (OR 6.67; 95%CI 1.72-26.58) and any PH (OR 6.92; 95%CI 1.34-29.49). The rate of HARM was similar in patients with good and poor outcome (5%, p = 0.90).
conclusionIn the WAKE-UP trial, the incidence of HARM was only 6% at 24 h. An association was present between HARM and hemorrhagic complications, but no relationship with functional outcome was observed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.