Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34414121›Full record

ArticleLiver cancer2021

Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Recent Trends of Liver Cancer: A Global Country-Level Analysis.

Junjie Huang, Veeleah Lok, Chun Ho Ngai, Cedric Chu, Harsh K Patel, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandraseka, Lin Zhang, Ping Chen, Shanjuan Wang, Xiang-Qian Lao and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Liver cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.

Junjie HuangThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Veeleah LokDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Chun Ho NgaiThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Cedric ChuThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Harsh K PatelDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Viveksandeep Thoguluva ChandrasekaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Lin ZhangCentre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Ping ChenDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ruijing Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Shanjuan WangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiading District Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Xiang-Qian LaoThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Lap Ah TseThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Wanghong XuSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Zhi-Jie ZhengDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Martin C S WongThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chinese University of Hong Kong · HKFudan University · CNJiading District Central Hospital · CNKarolinska University Hospital · SEMayo Clinic in Arizona · USOchsner Medical Center · USPeking University · CNRuijin Hospital · CNThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the updated disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of liver cancer based on age, sex, and country.

methodsWe estimated the incidence of liver cancer and its attribution to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2018 based on the Global Cancer Observatory and World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Causes database. We extracted the prevalence of risk factors from the WHO Global Health Observatory to examine the associations by weighted linear regression. The trend analysis used data from the

resultsThe global incidence of liver cancer was (age-standardized rate [ASR]) 9.3 per 100,000 population in 2018, and there was an evident disparity in the incidence related to HBV (ASR 0.2-41.2) and HCV (ASR 0.4-43.5). A higher HCV/HBV-related incidence ratio was associated with a higher level of alcohol consumption (β 0.49), overweight (β 0.51), obesity (β 0.64), elevated cholesterol (β 0.70), gross domestic product (β 0.20), and Human Development Index (HDI; β 0.45). An increasing trend in incidence was identified in many countries, especially for male individuals, population aged ≥50 years, and countries with a higher HCV/HBV-related liver cancer incidence ratio. Countries with the most drastic increase in male incidence were reported in India (AAPC 7.70), Ireland (AAPC 5.60), Sweden (AAPC 5.72), the UK (AAPC 5.59), and Norway (AAPC 4.87).

conclusionWe observed an overall increasing trend of liver cancer, especially among male subjects, older individuals, and countries with a higher prevalence of HCV-related liver cancer. More efforts are needed in enhancing lifestyle modifications and accessibility of antiviral treatment for these populations. Future studies should investigate the reasons behind these epidemiological changes.

Indexed as

CausesEpidemiologyLiver cancerRisk factorsTrend analysis

Identifiers

PMID34414121
PMCPMC8339459
OpenAlexW3141871177

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.