ArticleClinical kidney journal2021
A history of uraemic toxicity and of the European Uraemic Toxin Work Group (EUTox).
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mortality Assessment in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Uremic Toxins and Mortality in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Prior to and During Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Platelet Dysregulation in Atrial Fibrillation with Chronic Kidney Disease: Toward a Biology-Informed Anticoagulation Strategy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut-kidney axis: Dysbiosis and renal disease.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Clarifying Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Strategies for Intervention of Uremia and Cognitive Decline.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Review
- Indoxyl sulfate in the gut-kidney axis: from diet-microbiome interactions to renal injury and targeted therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Comprehensive and quantitative urinary metabolomic profiling for improved characterization of diabetic nephropathy.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Review
- Integrated bioinformatics and machine learning reveal key genes and immune mechanisms associated with uremia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolomics to Identify Unclassified Uremic Toxins: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Kidney medicine · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome dynamics of patients on dialysis: implications for complications and treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Structure-based discovery of a new type of scaffold compound as binding competitors for protein-bound Uremic Toxins.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Future of Uremic Toxin Management.Toxins · 2024Review
- Study on the occurrence and influencing factors of gastrointestinal symptoms in hemodialysis patients with uremia.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Impaired Height Velocity in (Pre)School Children.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Investigation of the inhibition of bacteria and endotoxin influx by back filtration through dialyzer membranes.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2024Article
- Focus on Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: Potential Therapeutic Target for Chronic Renal Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- What If Not All Metabolites from the Uremic Toxin Generating Pathways Are Toxic? A Hypothesis.Toxins · 2022Review
- Gut Microbiota Dynamics and Uremic Toxins.Toxins · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The uraemic syndrome is a complex clinical picture developing in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease, resulting in a myriad of complications and a high early mortality. This picture is to a significant extent defined by retention of metabolites and peptides that with a preserved kidney function are excreted or degraded by the kidneys. In as far as those solutes have a negative biological/biochemical impact, they are called uraemic toxins. Here, we describe the historical evolution of the scientific knowledge about uraemic toxins and the role played in this process by the European Uraemic Toxin Work Group (EUTox) during the last two decades. The earliest knowledge about a uraemic toxin goes back to the early 17th century when the existence of what would later be named as urea was recognized. It took about two further centuries to better define the role of urea and its link to kidney failure, and one more century to identify the relevance of post-translational modifications caused by urea such as carbamoylation. The knowledge progressively extended, especially from 1980 on, by the identification of more and more toxins and their adverse biological/biochemical impact. Progress of knowledge was paralleled and impacted by evolution of dialysis strategies. The last two decades, when insights grew exponentially, coincide with the foundation and activity of EUTox. In the final section, we summarize the role and accomplishments of EUTox and the part it is likely to play in future action, which should be organized around focus points like biomarker and potential target identification, intestinal generation, toxicity mechanisms and their correction, kidney and extracorporeal removal, patient-oriented outcomes and toxin characteristics in acute kidney injury and transplantation.
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