ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2021
Fixed-Combination Eye Drops Based on Fluorometholone Nanoparticles and Bromfenac/Levofloxacin Solution Improve Drug Corneal Penetration.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Troxipide nanosuspensions prevent indomethacin‑induced gastrointestinal lesions in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2026Article
- Solid Tranilast Nanocrystal-Loaded Cationic Contact Lenses for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Design of Tranilast-Loaded Cation-Type Contact Lens for Sustainable Ocular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Advancing ophthalmic delivery of flurbiprofen via synergistic chiral resolution and ion-pairing strategies.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Nasal Absorption Enhancement of Mometasone Furoate Nanocrystal Dispersions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Orally disintegrating tablets containing famotidine nanoparticles provide high intestinal absorbabilityFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Design of a Transdermal Sustained Release Formulation Based on Water-Soluble Ointment Incorporating Tulobuterol Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems - recent advances and challenges.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2022Review
- Instillation of Ophthalmic Formulation Containing Nilvadipine Nanocrystals Attenuates Lens Opacification in Shumiya Cataract Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe multi-instillation of three commercially available (CA) eye drops [fluorometholone (FL)-, bromfenac (BF)- and levofloxacin (LV)-eye drops] has been used to manage pain and inflammation post-intraocular surgery. However, the multi-instillation of these three eye drops causes corneal damage, and the FL drops have the disadvantage of low ocular bioavailability. To overcome these problems, we prepared fixed-combination eye drops based on FL nanoparticles (FL-NPs) and BF/LV solution (nFBL-FC), and evaluated the corneal toxicity and transcorneal penetration of the nFBL-FC eye drops.
methodsFL powder was mixed in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin solution containing benzalkonium chloride, mannitol and methylcellulose, and milled with a Bead Smash 12 (5500 rpm for 30 s×30 times). The BF/LV solution was then added to the milled-dispersions to be used as nFBL-FC. The FL, BF and LV concentrations were measured by HPLC methods, and transcorneal penetration was evaluated in rabbits.
resultsThe FL particle size in nFBL-FC was 40-150 nm, with only 0.0018% in liquid form. No aggregation of FL particles in the nFBL-FC was observed for 1 month. The viability of human corneal epithelial cells treated with nFBL-FC was remarkably higher than that of cells subjected to the multi-instillation of the corresponding three CA-eye drops. In addition, the corneal penetrations (AUC) of the FL, BF and LV in nFBL-FC were 4.9-, 1.8-, and 7.1-fold those of the corresponding CA-eye drops, respectively. Moreover, the caveolae-dependent endocytosis (CavME) inhibitor (nystatin) significantly prevented the transcorneal penetration of these drugs.
conclusionWe prepared fixed-combination eye drops based on FL-NPs and BF/LV solution (nFBL-FC), and show that high levels of FL-NPs and dissolved BF/LV (liquid drugs) can be delivered into the aqueous humor by the instillation of nFBL-FC. Further, we show that CavME is mainly related to the enhancement of transcorneal penetration of both the solid (NPs) and liquid drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.