SynthesisScientific reports2021
Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Mouthwash, Rinses, Salt Water, and Toothpastes on the Oral Health of Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review: Pregnancy and Oral Health.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of interventions on improving early-life dental care utilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Microbiome alterations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Oral microbiome modulation mitigates hyperglycemia exacerbation in gestational diabetes mellitus.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Impact of Interdental Brushing on Pregnancy-Associated Gingivitis: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Trial
- Effects of an Oral Health Management Program During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Oral diseases · 2026Trial
- Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Oral Microbiome Signatures in Indonesian Healthy, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis Subjects: A 16S rRNA Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis-Based Exploratory Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- The periodontal-female reproductive axis and infertility: a scoping review of epidemiological and mechanistic evidence.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Shotgun metagenomic mapping of saliva reveals insights into diversity and function of the oral microbiome in pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Salivary Prevalence of Four Oral Pathogens in Postpartum Women in Northeast Romania: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Design and evaluation of an oral health booklet during pregnancy].Atencion primaria · 2026Observational
- Underexplored maternal microbiomes: immune, metabolic, and microbial pathways shaping pregnancy outcomes.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Dental practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers regarding oral health care of women during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Association of low progesterone levels and periodontal disease with threatened preterm labor.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond breastfeeding: a One Health Decalogue for nurturing the infant microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Effects of pica practice on oral bacteriome and mycobiome profiles among pregnant women: A comparative study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Oral prophylaxis for the reduction of interdental dysbiosis-associated red complex pathogens during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding changes in oral flora during pregnancy, its association to maternal health, and its implications to birth outcomes is essential. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in May 2020 (updated search in April and June 2021), and conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the followings: (1) oral microflora changes throughout pregnancy, (2) association between oral microorganisms during pregnancy and maternal oral/systemic conditions, and (3) implications of oral microorganisms during pregnancy on birth outcomes. From 3983 records, 78 studies were included for qualitative assessment, and 13 studies were included in meta-analysis. The oral microflora remains relatively stable during pregnancy; however, pregnancy was associated with distinct composition/abundance of oral microorganisms when compared to postpartum/non-pregnant status. Oral microflora during pregnancy appears to be influenced by oral and systemic conditions (e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, etc.). Prenatal dental care reduced the carriage of oral pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus mutans). The Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque was more abundant in women with preterm birth. Given the results from meta-analyses were inconclusive since limited studies reported outcomes on the same measuring scale, more future studies are needed to elucidate the association between pregnancy oral microbiota and maternal oral/systemic health and birth outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.