ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Do the benefits of being a smoker hint at the existence of PD-1/PD-L1 sensitizers for patients on single-agent immunotherapy?
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-based regimens targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and VEGF/VEGFR in advanced or metastatic NSCLC: a meta-analysis of RCTs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Neural regulation in lung cancer: from mechanisms to new therapeutic perspectives.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- First-Line Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: PD-L1 ≥ 50% Subgroup Analysis from the RATIONALE-304 Trial.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
- Real-World Treatment Patterns and Effectiveness of Targeted and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Systemic Therapy inJTO clinical and research reports · 2023Article
- Alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediated immune escape of lung adenocarcinoma via STAT3/Jab1-PD-L1 signalling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- The α5-nAChR/PD-L1 axis facilitates lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion.Human cell · 2022Article
- Anti-PD-1 antibodies, a novel treatment option for advanced chemoresistant pulmonary lymphoepithelioma carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A Somatic Mutation Signature Predicts the Best Overall Response to Anti-programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Treatment in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Negative Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple studies demonstrate significantly better therapeutics outcomes in smokers as compared with never smokers when single-agent immunotherapy is applied. Non-smoker patients usually need a combination of chemoimmunotherapy to achieve comparable or slightly better therapeutic results. This effect is thought to be due to tobacco product-induced upregulation of PD-L1/PD-1 expression and tumor mutational burden score. Genomic transformation, however, cannot entirely explain the upregulation of PD-L1/PL-1 expression in cells following short-term exposure to cytotoxic compounds. Cytotoxic drugs, crude tobacco products, benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, and multiple other toxic compounds were shown to exhibit rapid PD-L1/PD-1 upregulation. A significant immunomodulatory effect of nicotine via acetylcholine receptors is well documented. However, nicotine activity rapidly subsides when the drug is withdrawn. We hypothesize that smoking cessation might mitigate the benefits of monoimmunotherapy for some patients. Further studies of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulus of immunocytes are needed and might lead to characterization and clinical implementation of new immunotherapy sensitizer products.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.