Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34412506›Full record

GuidelineThe bone & joint journal2021

Development of the CORE-Kids core set of outcome domains for studies of childhood limb fractures.

Ben A Marson, Joseph C Manning, Marilyn James, Simon Craxford, Sandeep R Deshmukh, Daniel C Perry, Benjamin J Ollivere, CORE-Kids collaborative group

Abstract readConsensus StatementPractice Guideline
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in The bone & joint journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Interventions for treating tibial shaft fractures in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ben A MarsonDepartment of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9264-537X
Joseph C ManningFaculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Marilyn JamesFaculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Simon CraxfordDepartment of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4672-4587
Sandeep R DeshmukhDepartment of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4560-0830
Daniel C PerryInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Benjamin J OllivereDepartment of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
CORE-Kids collaborative group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe aim of this study is to develop a core set of outcome domains that should be considered and reported in all future trials of childhood limb fractures.

methodsA four-phase study was conducted to agree a set of core outcome domains. Identification of candidate outcome domains were identified through systematic review of trials, and outcome domains relevant to families were identified through semi-structured interviews with 20 families (parent-child pairing or group). Outcome domains were prioritized using an international three-round Delphi survey with 205 panellists and then condensed into a core outcome set through a consensus workshop with 30 stakeholders.

resultsThe systematic review and interviews identified 85 outcome domains as relevant to professionals or families. The Delphi survey prioritized 30 upper and 29 lower limb outcome domains at first round, an additional 17 upper and 18 lower limb outcomes at second round, and four additional outcomes for upper and lower limb at the third round as important domains. At the consensus workshop, the core outcome domains were agreed as: 1) pain and discomfort; 2) return to physical and recreational activities; 3) emotional and psychosocial wellbeing; 4) complications from the injury and treatment; 5) rturn to baseline activities daily living; 6) participation in learning; 7) appearance and deformity; and 8) time to union. In addition, 9a) recovery of mobility and 9b) recovery of manual dexterity was recommended as a core outcome for lower and upper limb fractures, respectively.

conclusionThis set of core outcome domains is recommended as a minimum set of outcomes to be reported in all trials. It is not an exhaustive set and further work is required to identify what outcome tools should be used to measure each of these outcomes. Adoption of this outcome set will improve the consistency of research for these children that can be combined for more meaningful meta-analyses and policy development. Cite this article:

Indexed as

Fracture FixationAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDelphi TechniqueExtremitiesFractures, BoneHumansOutcome Assessment, Health CareBoneclinical outcomesCore outcome setdeformityFracturelimb fracturesLower extremityLower limblower limb fracturesOrthopaedic SurgeonsOutcomePaediatric Orthopaedicpaediatric orthopaedic surgeonsUpper extremityUpper limbupper limb fractures

Identifiers

PMID34412506
PMCPMC8779948

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.